生存抑或发展:近代晋中农民的副业活动与阶层差异  

Survival or Development:the Sideline Activities and Class Differences of Farmers in Modern Jinzhong

作　　者：张爱明 张梓琦 Zhang Aiming;Zhang Ziqi(Taiyuan Normal University History and Cultural Museum College,Jinzhong,Shanxi 030619)

机构地区：[1]太原师范学院历史与文博学院,山西晋中030619

出　　处：《古今农业》2024年第2期95-105,共11页Ancient and Modern Agriculture

基　　金：2021年度国家社科基金青年项目“晚清以来山西乡村的经济结构与社会变迁研究”(21CZS055)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：作为农家经济的重要补充,副业活动是近代农民增加收入、抵抗农村危机的有效手段。过去学界对近代农民副业的研究,主要侧重其对农家经济的影响,视农民为一个整体,并未关注副业的阶层差异。通过对晋中文水县《阶级成分登记表》的研究发现,近代农民副业有显著的阶层差异。其中贫雇农阶层的副业活动基本是依靠体力或者技术的低收入行业,是一种“生存型”副业。地富阶层一般兼营多种副业,以资本或技术投资为主,带有浓厚的商业特征,是一种“发展型”副业。中农阶层介于两者之间,副业活动表现出两面和分化特征。对不同阶层农民副业活动的考察,对我们深入认识近代华北乡村经济结构的变迁有重要意义。As an important supplement to the peasant economy,sideline activities are a powerful means for modern farmers to increase their income and resist the rural crisis.In the past,the academic research on the sideline of modern farmers mainly focused on its impact on the peasant economy,regarded farmers as a whole,and did not pay attention to the class differences of the sideline.Through the study of the‘class composition registration form'of Wenshui County in Jinzhong,it is found that there are significant class differences in the modern peasant sideline.Among them,the sideline activities of the poor wage-earners are basically low-income industries that rely on physical or technical,which is a‘survival'sideline.The wealthy class generally engages in a variety of sideline businesses,mainly in capital or technology investment,with strong commercial characteristics,and is a'developmental'sideline.The middle peasant class is between the two,and the sideline activities show two sides and differentiation characteristics.The investigation of the sideline activities of farmers of different classes is of great significance for us to deeply understand the changes of rural economic structure in modern North China.

关 键 词：山西 农民 副业 阶层 《阶级成分登记表》 

分 类 号：D663[政治法律—政治学] F323.6[政治法律—中外政治制度]