《中国小说史略》论《红楼梦》的文本张力及其学术意义  

The textual tension and academic significance of Dream of red mansions in A brief history of Chinese fiction

作　　者：张昊苏[1] Zhang Haosu

机构地区：[1]南开大学文学院,天津300071

出　　处：《东岳论丛》2024年第6期12-21,191,共11页DongYue Tribune

基　　金：2022年度南开大学文科发展基金科学研究类项目“乾嘉时期小说文献与文学思想研究”(批准号:ZB22BZ0301)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：对勘油印本《小说史大略》《中国小说史大略》及各版本的《中国小说史略》可见,鲁迅对《红楼梦》的学术论断经过多次修改调整,其中体现出颇富意味的文本张力。从文献掌握情况来看,鲁迅很晚才对胡适发现的脂砚斋评本《红楼梦》产生了解,且仅吸纳了少量与作者有关的细节,并未采用脂评中那些最能影响《红楼梦》阐释与解读的重要信息。这与鲁迅对《红楼梦》的两大核心认识有关:一是鲁迅虽然大量引述了胡适的“自叙传说”,但其对“原型”的认同远多于“曹贾互证”。二是对《红楼梦》后四十回,鲁迅接受了胡适的高鹗续书说,但同时认为续书与作者本意无太大悬殊,仅重点批评了某几处不够悲凉的败笔。这些认识既来源于鲁迅对《红楼梦》相关文献的分析,也深受其文学思想的影响。即“写实”可以不合于“真实”,“悲剧”应当“遍被华林”。Through the analysis of the oil printed versions of A roughly history of fiction,A roughly history of Chinese fiction and various versions of A brief history of Chinese fiction,it can be seen that Lu Xun's academic judg-ment on Dream of red mansions has undergone multiple revisions and adjustments,reflecting a significant textual tension.From the literature review,it can be seen that Lu Xun only gained an understanding of the Zhiyanzhai commentary on Dream of red mansions discovered by Hu Shi very late,and only absorbed a small amount of details related to the author,without using the important information in the commentary that could most influence the interpretation and interpretation of Dream of red mansions.This is related to Lu Xun's two core understandings of Dream of red mansions.First,Although Lu Xun extensively quoted Hu Shi’s"autobio-graphical legends,"his identification with the“prototype”was far greater than that of"mutual verification between Cao and Jia".Second,For the last forty chapters of Dream of red mansions,Lu Xun accepted Hu Shi's theory of Gao E's continuation of the book,but at the same time believed that the continuation of the book was not significantly different from the author’s original'intention,and only focused on criticizing a few failed works that were not sad enough.These understandings were not only derived from Lu Xun's analysis of relevant literature on Dream of red mansions,but also deeply influenced by his literary ideas.That is,Realism can be inconsistent with reality,while tragedy should be widely pervasive throughout.

关 键 词：鲁迅 《中国小说史略》 《红楼梦》 脂砚斋 

分 类 号：I210.96[文学—中国文学]