碱胁迫对不同品种玉米苗期生长生理的影响  

Effects of Alkali Stress on Growth Physiology of Different Maize Varieties at Seedling Stage

作　　者：杨赵昱 吕雯[1,2] 任鸿武 代婧 崔卓 YANG Zhaoyu;LYU Wen;REN Hongwu;DAI Jing;CUI Zhuo(College of Ecology and Environment,Ningxia University,Yinchuan,Ningxia 750021;College of Forestry and Prataculture,Ningxia University,Yinchuan,Ningxia 750021)

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学生态环境学院,宁夏银川750021 [2]宁夏大学林业与草业学院,宁夏银川750021

出　　处：《现代农业研究》2024年第6期13-19,共7页Modern Agriculture Research

基　　金：宁夏自然科学基金“宁夏扬黄灌区玉米/大豆复合群体田间水盐运移及水分竞争补偿机制”(项目编号:2021AAC03042);国家重点研发计划项目课题“黄河上游河套平原节水控盐产能提升技术模式与应用”(项目编号:2021YFD1900603)。

摘　　要：【目的】通过对作物进行逆境胁迫的研究,可以筛选、培养出适合在盐碱环境中生长发育的作物品种。【方法】本研究主要采用实验室作物品种选育的方法,对21种不同玉米品种进行Na_(2)CO_(3)(0 mmol/L、100 mmol/L)溶液的CK处理和碱胁迫处理,分别测定CK和碱胁迫处理苗期的各项生长指标、生理指标和干物质。【结果】碱胁迫下玉米苗期生长指标降低,茎粗比CK处理降低9.98%~12.47%(P<0.05),宁丹33、华亦204和银玉238品种苗期的相对叶绿素在碱胁迫下较CK处理降低。晋单73、禾青157、德科622和大京九23根系生长抗碱胁迫能力最强,宁丹33、西蒙青贮707的耐碱系数最高分别达0.91和0.94。【结论】在21个品种中,耐碱性较好的品种有晋单73、禾青157、先玉355,其次为西蒙青贮707、先玉1225、华亦204等。本研究主要筛选了适合碱化土壤种植的玉米品种,探究了耐碱玉米苗期的生长机制,为盐碱地作物品种选育提供了参考。[Objective] The research on crop stress can screen and cultivate crop varieties suitable for growth and development in saline-alkali environments.[Method] This study mainly adopts the method of laboratory crop variety selection,treating 21different corn varieties with Na2CO3(0 mmol/L,100 mmol/L) solution for CK treatment and alkali stress treatment,respectively measuring the growth indicators,physiological indicators,and dry matter of seedlings under CK and alkali stress treatment.[Results] Under alkali stress,the growth indicators of corn seedlings decreased,with stem thickness decreasing by 9.98%~12.47%(P<0.05) compared to CK treatment.The relative chlorophyll content of Ningdan 33,Huayi 204,and Yinyu 238varieties at the seedling stage decreased under alkali stress compared to CK treatment.Jindan 73,Heqing 157,Deke 622,and Dajingjiu 23 had the strongest root growth resistance to alkali stress,while Ningdan 33 and Ximeng Qingzhu 707 had the highest alkali resistance coefficients,reaching 0.91 and 0.94,respectively.[Conclusion] Among the 21 varieties,those with better alkali resistance include Jindan 73,Heqing 157,Xianyu 355,followed by Ximen Qingzhu 707,Xianyu 1225,Huayi 204,etc.,This study mainly screened corn varieties suitable for planting in alkalized soil,explored the growth mechanism of alkali-resistant corn seedlings,and provided a reference for the selection and breeding of crop varieties in saline-alkali land.

关 键 词：碱胁迫 耐碱性 苗期玉米 综合评价 

分 类 号：Q945.78[生物学—植物学] S513[农业科学—作物学]