公路边坡不同治理措施水沙变化研究  

Research on Runoff and Sediment Changes in Different Road Slope Treatment Measures

作　　者：周晗 李有华 王小云[1] Zhou Han;Li Youhua;Wang Xiaoyun(Institute of soil and water conservation,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taiyuan,Shanxi 030013,China)

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学水土保持科学研究所,山西太原030013

出　　处：《山西水土保持科技》2024年第2期40-43,46,共5页Soil and Water Conservation Science and Technology in Shanxi

基　　金：山西省水利科研与推广项目(2022GM030)资助。

摘　　要：通过监测2023年4-10月的5场侵蚀性降雨下公路边坡不同治理措施的径流量、泥沙流失量,分析比较了各种措施类型的水沙变化特征、减流减沙变化规律。结果表明:不同边坡治理措施径流量、泥沙流失量分别为237.56~5100.28 mL/m^(2)、0.23~5.40 g/m^(2),其中2023年7月30日产流产沙量为所有降雨日中最大。不同边坡治理措施的减流率、减沙率变化趋势不随降雨强度的增大而增大。地面坡度为30°时,圆孔砖植三七景天坡面的减流率、减沙率分别为36.11%~40.76%、50.25%~59.68%;地面坡度为35°时,打孔植紫穗槐坡面的减流率、减沙率(28.01%~33.25%、41.59%~45.88%)高于土工格栅植苜蓿坡面;地面坡度为40°时,打孔植紫穗槐减流率最大,达23.95%~30.89%,土工格栅植苜蓿次之,圆孔砖植八宝景天最小。雨强为中雨时,土工格栅植苜蓿减沙率最大,打孔植紫穗槐次之,圆孔砖植八宝景天最低。雨强为大雨时,圆孔砖植八宝景天减沙率最高,土工格栅植苜蓿次之,打孔植紫穗槐最低。By monitoring the runoff and sediment loss of different treatment measures on highway slopes under five erosive rainfall events from April to October 2023,the characteristics of runoff and sediment changes and the patterns of runoff and sediment reduction were analyzed and compared for various types of measures.The results showed that the runoff and sediment loss of different slope treatment measures were 237.56~5100.28 mL/m^(2)and 0.23~5.40 g/m^(2),respectively.Among them,the runoff and sediment yield from July 30,2023 was the highest among all rainy days.The trend of runoff and sediment reduction rates for different slope treatment measures didn’t increase with the increase of rainfall intensity.When the ground slope was 30°,the reduction rate of runoff and sediment on the slope of the circular hole brick planting Phedimus aizoon was 36.11%~40.76%,50.25%~59.68%,respectively;When the ground slope was 35°,the runoff and sediment reduction rates(28.01%~33.25%,41.59%~45.88%)of the drilled Amorpha fruticose slope were higher than those of the geogrid planted alfalfa slope;When the ground slope was 40°,the maximum runoff reduction rate of drilling holes for planting Amorpha fruticose was 23.95%~30.89%,followed by planting alfalfa in the geogrid,and the minimum was planting Hylotelephium spectabile with round hole bricks.When the rainfall intensity was moderate,planting alfalfa in the geogrid had the highest sediment reduction rate,followed by planting Amorpha fruticose,and planting Hylotelephium spectabile with round hole bricks had the lowest sediment reduction rate.When the rain was heavy,the sediment reduction rate of Hylotelephium spectabile planted with round hole bricks was the highest,followed by alfalfa planted in the geogrid,and the lowest was Amorpha fruticose planted with hole drilling.

关 键 词：公路边坡 天然降雨 水沙变化 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]