前科时效:内涵意蕴、生成逻辑及构建路径  

The Time Limitation of Criminal Record:Its Connotations,Generative Logic and Constructive Path

作　　者：周峨春 郭子麟 Zhou E chun;Guo Zilin

机构地区：[1]青岛大学法学院

出　　处：《常州大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第3期30-39,共10页Journal of Changzhou University:Social Science Edition

基　　金：山东省社会科学规划一般项目“环境刑事附带民事公益诉讼刑民衔接研究”(21CFXJ05)。

摘　　要：前科时效是指国家保留受过刑事处罚的人的犯罪记录使其处于不利状态的期限。前科时效制度生成具有充分的逻辑基础,不仅契合重罪到轻罪的时代变换,而且可以平衡犯罪人权利与公共利益并降低刑满释放人员再犯的可能性。构建前科时效制度应与刑法现有制度相衔接,适用范围限于累犯、毒品再犯以外以及禁止适用假释的严重暴力犯罪外的其他犯罪行为,适用条件为前科存续期间没有再犯罪行为,适用期限根据微罪、轻罪、重罪三个档次进行划分,分别对应不同的前科存续期。The time limitation of criminal record refers to the duration for which the criminal punishment history of an individual maintains,subjecting them to a disadvantageous status.This system is grounded in a robust logic that aligns with the shift from felonies to misdemeanors,balancing the rights of offenders with public interests and reducing the possibility of reoffending after completing sentence.The establishment of this time limitation system should be linked with the existing criminal laws.Its application should be restricted to crimes other than habitual offenses,drug recidivism,and serious violent crimes for which parole is disallowed.The condition for application is the absence of further crime committed during the period of criminal record retention.The duration is categorized into three grades:minor crimes,misdemeanors,and felonies,each of which corresponds to different lengths of the criminal record retention period.

关 键 词：前科 前科报告 前科消灭 前科时效 

分 类 号：D924.1[政治法律—刑法学] D925.2[政治法律—法学] DF61