湖南某锡矿尾矿库周边土壤重金属污染特征及其来源分析  

Analysis of Heavy Metal Pollution Characteristics and Sources of SoilArounda Tin Tailings Reservoirin Hunan

作　　者：游萍[1] 彭达 李灿 曹慧[1] YOU Ping;PENG Da;LI Can;CAO Hui(Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Co.,Ltd.,Changsha 410100,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南有色金属研究院有限责任公司,湖南长沙410100

出　　处：《湖南有色金属》2024年第3期87-92,共6页Hunan Nonferrous Metals

基　　金：国家重点研究计划(2018YFC1802700)。

摘　　要：文章采用地质统计分析、污染指数法、地质累积指数法及潜在生态风险指数法对锡矿尾矿库周边表层土壤中Cd、Pb、As、Zn、Cu含量、分布及污染程度进行统计与分析,并采用相关性分析及主成分分析法对重金属来源进行定性描述。结果显示:(1)重金属平均值为Pb 398.70 mg/kg、Cd 5.97 mg/kg、As 1135.68 mg/kg、Cu 77.04 mg/kg、Zn 545.63 mg/kg,所有样品重金属含量均超过背景值;(2)尾矿库周边土壤为重污染,周边区域污染程度为西北>北侧>东侧>南侧>西侧,5种重金属均具有累积性,Igeo均值显示Cd>As>Pb>Zn>Cu;(3)地块综合潜在风险为极强风险,单项生态风险指数为Cd>As>Pb>Cu>Zn;(4)As、Pb、Cu、Zn存在极显著相关性,Cd与Zn极显著相关,与As、Pb显著相关。研究区土壤污染原因主要为干滩扬尘、地表漫流、废水泄露及渗漏,以及周边历史上尾砂及尾砂填埋影响等。The contents,distribution and pollution degree of Cd,Pb,As,Zn and Cu in the surface soil around the tin tailings pond were analyzed by geological statistics,pollution index,geological accumulation index and potential ecological risk index,and the sources of heavy metals were qualitatively described by correlation analysis and principal component analysis.The results showed that:(1)The average heavy metal content were Pb 398.70 mg/kg,Cd 5.97 mg/kg,As 1135.68 mg/kg,Cu 77.04 mg/kg and Zn 545.63 mg/kg,respectively,and the heavy metal content in all samples exceeded the background value;(2)The soil around the tailings pond is heavily polluted,and the pollution degree of the surrounding area is northwest>North>East>South>West.All the five heavy metals were cumulative,and the average Igeo showed Cd>As>Pb>Zn>Cu;(3)The comprehensive potential risk of the plot is a very strong risk,and the single ecological risk index is Cd>As>Pb>Cu>Zn;(4)As,Pb,Cu and Zn are significantly correlated,Cd is significantly correlated with Zn and As and Pb.The main causes of pollution in the study area are dry beach dust,surface runoff,wastewater leakage,the impact of historical tailings landfills in the surrounding area.

关 键 词：锡矿尾矿库 土壤重金属 潜在生态风险指数 

分 类 号：X758[环境科学与工程—环境工程]