机械直播杂交籼稻高产群体共性特征研究  

Study on the Common Characteristics of High-Yielding Population of Mechanical Direct-Seeding Indica Hybrid Rice

作　　者：陈凯瑞 刘芳艳 罗永恒 熊莹 陈雪芳 何咨霆 曹云 张正友 冯林 杨志远[1] 马均[1] 孙永健[1] CHEN Kairui;LIU Fangyan;LUO Yongheng;XIONG Ying;CHEN Xuefang;HE Ziting;CAO Yun;ZHANG Zhengyou;FENG Lin;YANG Zhiyuan;MA Jun;SUN Yongjian(Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University/Crop Ecophysiology and Cultivation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province,Chengdu 611130,China;Hejiang County Agricultural and Rural Bureau,Luzhou 646200,Sichuan,China)

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学水稻研究所/作物生理生态及栽培四川省重点实验室,成都611130 [2]合江县农业农村局,四川泸州646200

出　　处：《四川农业大学学报》2024年第3期479-489,共11页Journal of Sichuan Agricultural University

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2023YFD2301903);四川省“十四五”生物育种重大科技专项(2022ZDZX0012);西南作物基因资源发掘与利用国家重点实验室“生物育种”揭榜挂帅项目(SKL-ZY202228);2023年度农业重大技术协同推广计划项目。

摘　　要：【目的】阐明机械直播杂交籼稻高产群体的共性特征,构建规范化的机直播杂交籼稻品种鉴选方法和指标体系。【方法】以11个杂交籼稻品种为试材,研究机直播对不同杂交水稻品种群体质量及产量的影响,探讨机直播高产群体共性特征及其与产量间的关系。【结果】与中产、低产类型品种相比,高产类型品种的两年平均产量分别显著提高了2.77%~9.63%和11.19%~18.31%。高产类型品种拔节期、齐穗期及成熟期地上部干物质累积量分别显著提高27.78%~58.62%、15.38%~32.35%及18.23%~34.32%,收获指数显著提高了24.25%~34.84%,齐穗期高效叶面积指数(LAI)显著提高了37.92%~85.43%,上三叶片较长(剑叶34.17~42.17 cm、倒2叶46.23~50.30 cm、倒3叶55.17~59.23 cm),倒2叶(1.67~1.93 cm)、倒3叶(1.40~1.53 cm)较宽,N1、N2、N3(基部至穗顶第1、2、3节间)节间长度分别缩短了12.06%~47.34%、14.02%~15.85%、1.97%~14.21%,而N4、N5(基部至穗顶第4、5节间)节间分别增加了6.86%~9.95%、6.68%~7.86%。相关分析表明,机直播条件下,各生育时期地上部干物质量、LAI、剑叶长和宽、倒2叶和倒3叶长,宽以及张角(茎秆和叶片平直部分的夹角)与稻谷产量及其构成因素密切相关。尤其以齐穗期高效LAI、倒2叶宽、剑叶长与产量相关性达极显著水平(r=0.910^(**)~0.927^(**))。【结论】增加齐穗期高效LAI(6.04~7.19),并注重协同提高剑叶长(34.17~42.17 cm)与倒2叶宽(1.67~1.93 cm),是机械直播杂交籼稻高产的共性规律。【Objective】This study aimed to clarify the common characteristics of high-yielding popula⁃tions of mechanical direct-seeding indica hybrid rice and to construct a standardized identification method and index system for these varieties.【Method】Eleven indica hybrid rice varieties were used as test materials to study the effects of mechanical direct seeding on population quality and yield.The com⁃mon characteristics of high-yield populations and their relationship with yield were discussed.【Result】Compared to medium-and low-yielding varieties,the two-year average yield of high-yielding varieties increased by 2.77%to 9.63%and 11.19%to 18.31%,respectively.The above-ground dry matter accu⁃mulation of high-yield type varieties at the jointing,full-heading,and maturity stages significantly in⁃creased by 27.78% to 58.62%, 15.38% to 32.35%, and 18.23% to 34.32%, respectively. The harvest in⁃ dex significantly increased by 24.25% to 34.84%. The high-efficiency leaf area index at the full-heading stage significantly increased by 37.92% to 85.43%. The lengths of the top three leaves were longer (34.17-42.17 cm for the flag leaf, 46.23-50.30 cm for the second leaf from the top, and 55.17-59.23 cm for the third leaf from the top). The second (1.67-1.93 cm) and third leaves from the top (1.40-1.53 cm) were wider. The internode lengths of N1, N2, and N3 (from the base to the first, second, and third internodes) decreased by 12.06% to 47.34%, 14.02% to 15.85%, and 1.97% to 14.21%, respectively, while those of N4 and N5( from the base to the fourth and fifth internodes) increased by 6.86% to 9.95% and 6.68% to 7.86%, respectively. Correlation analysis showed that under mechanical direct seeding con⁃ ditions, above-ground dry matter quality, leaf area index (LAI), flag leaf length and width, the length and width of the second and third leaves from the top, and leaf angle (angle between the stem and the straight part of the leaf blade) were closely related to rice yield and its components. In particular, the c

关 键 词：机直播 杂交籼稻 品种 产量 群体质量 

分 类 号：S511.21[农业科学—作物学]