施氮量对优质稻G优325氮肥利用率和产量的影响  

Effect of Nitrogen Application Rate on Nitrogen Efficiency and Grain Yield of High-Quality Indica Rice Variety Gyou325

作　　者：李立江[1] 蒋明金 何星雷 姬广梅[1] 张佳凤 罗丹秋 江学海[1] 田晋钰 黎勇 李敏[1] LI Lijiang;JIANG Mingjin;HE Xinglei;JI Guangmei;ZHANG Jiafeng;LUO Danqiu;JIANG Xuehai;TIAN Jinyu;LI Yong;LI Min(Rice Research Institute of Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Science,Guiyang 550006,China;Guizhou Qian Nong Yuan Agricultural Development Co.,Ltd.,Guiyang 550006,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州省农业科学院水稻研究所,贵阳550006 [2]贵州黔农源农业开发有限公司,贵阳550006

出　　处：《四川农业大学学报》2024年第3期515-522,共8页Journal of Sichuan Agricultural University

基　　金：贵州省科技成果应用及产业化项目(黔科合成果[2022]一般062);贵州省2023年省级绿色高产高效项目(S-2023-007);贵州省水稻现代农业产业技术体系(GZSDCYTX2023-03)。

摘　　要：【目的】探明优质杂交籼稻新品种G优325的适宜施氮量。【方法】设5个施氮量处理(0、60、120、180和240 kg/hm^(2),分别记为N0、N60、N120、N180和N240)进行田间试验,研究不同施氮量对G优325主要生育时期茎糵数、干物质积累与转运能力、氮肥吸收利用率和产量及其构成因素的影响。【结果】适当增加施氮量能显著提高G优325的产量,且在N180处理下产量最高。施氮量对产量构成因素、茎蘖数和干物质积累总量影响显著,随着施氮量增加,G优325成熟期的有效穗数、每穗总粒数和干物质积累总量均表现为先增加后降低的趋势,且有效穗数和干物质积累总量均在N180处理达到最高值,而每穗粒数在N120处理最多。随着施氮量增加,抽穗前后的干物质积累向籽粒的转运量均表现为处理N180>N240>N120>N60>N0;拔节期、抽穗期和成熟期的氮素积累总量均表现为先增加后降低的趋势,且均在N180处理下最高;氮素干物质生产效率、氮素稻谷生产效率、氮素收获指数、氮肥吸收利用率、氮肥农学利用率、氮肥偏生产力和氮素生理利用率均表现为处理N0>N60>N120>N180>N240。【结论】适宜提高施氮量(180 kg/hm^(2)),可协同实现优质杂交籼稻新品种G优325高产与较高氮肥利用效率。【Objective】To determine the optimal nitrogen application rate for the hybrid indica rice vari⁃ety Gyou325.【Method】We established five nitrogen treatments(0,60,120,180,and 240 kg/hm²,labeled as N0,N60,N120,N180,and N240,respectively)to examine the impact of varying nitrogen rates on tiller number,biomass accumulation and transport,nitrogen uptake and utilization efficiency,and grain yield and its components in Gyou325.【Result】The findings indicate that the grain yield of Gyou325 significantly increased with the rise in nitrogen application rates,peaking in the N180 treat⁃ment.As the nitrogen application rate increased,the effective panicle number,grains per panicle,and total biomass at maturity initially increased and then declined,with the N180 treatment yielding the high⁃est values for effective panicle number and total biomass.The maximum grains per panicle were observed in the N120 treatment.Biomass distribution to the grain before and after heading showed a pattern of N180>N240>N120>N60>N0.The total nitrogen accumulation during the main growth phase of Gyou325 also exhibited an initial increase followed by a decrease.Efficiency metrics such as nitrogen biomass pro⁃duction efficiency,nitrogen rice production efficiency,nitrogen harvest index,nitrogen absorption and utilization rate,nitrogen agronomic utilization rate,nitrogen partial factor productivity,and nitrogen physiological utilization efficiency followed the order N0>N60>N120>N180>N240.【Conclusion】The high-quality hybrid indica rice Gyou325 can achieve both high yield and high nitrogen use efficiency with a nitrogen application rate of 180 kg/hm².

关 键 词：优质杂交籼稻 施氮量 干物质 氮肥利用率 产量 

分 类 号：S511.21[农业科学—作物学]