印度莫迪政府的经济观念及话语构建  

Economic Views and Discourse Construction of the Modi Government in India

作　　者：邱永辉 王渝 QIU Yong-hui;WANG Yu

机构地区：[1]四川大学国际关系学院

出　　处：《南亚东南亚研究》2024年第1期30-52,153,共24页South and Southeast Asian Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大专项资助项目(项目编号:20VGQ008)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：2014年莫迪执政以来,印度人民党政府推行了一系列振兴经济的改革措施,特别是提振制造业、吸引和奖励高科技企业的经济政策。学界认为,莫迪政府的经济改革进程是在某种经济观念指导下进行的,并将这种经济观念的实践概括为“古吉拉特模式”“莫迪经济学1.0”和“莫迪经济学2.0”等。从话语建构的维度分析莫迪及政府经济高官的文本材料后发现,莫迪政府的经济观念主要为:第一,印度将在21世纪实现经济复兴,重返古代吠陀黄金时代。经济复兴梦的主体和动力是城市新中产阶级。第二,要成为新的世界工厂,应改变封闭经济、关税壁垒等贸易保护主义政策。第三,在处理政府与市场关系问题上,政府一方面要延续1991年的市场化和自由化的改革路径,另一方面要通过“第二代改革”提高国家能力。第四,在处理财富再分配和财富创造问题上,印度在短期内应以财富创造优先,当印度人均GDP超过20000美元后,再着重解决社会不平等问题。为落实上述经济观念,莫迪政府采用了印度教化叙事、民族国家叙事、反国大党叙事以及专业叙事等策略。2020年印度农业法改革,就是莫迪政府实践经济政策叙事策略的典型个案。Since Modi came to power in 2014,the Bharatiya Janata Party(BJP)government has implemented a series of economic reform measures aimed at revitalizing the economy,particularly to boost manufacturing and attract and reward high-tech companies.Academia perceives that the economic reform process of the Modi government is guided by certain economic concepts named“Gujarati Model”,“Modinomics 1.0”and“Modinomics 2.0”.By analyzing the textual material of the Modi government and its senior economic officials from the perspective of discursive construction,the paper argues that the Modi government has reached four weak consensuses on economic views.First,India is poised to achieve economic rejuvenation in the 21st century and return to the golden age of ancient Vedic civilization.The urban new middle class is seen as the protagonist and driving force behind this economic rejuvenation dream.Second,to become the new world factory,India opposes protectionist policies such as closed economies and tariff barriers.Third,in dealing with the issue of government-market relations,the government continues the marketization and liberalization reforms initiated in 1991 while simultaneously enhancing national capabilities through“second-generation reforms”.Fourth,in addressing wealth redistribution and wealth creation issues,India prioritizes wealth creation in the short term and focuses on tackling social inequality after India’s per capita GDP exceeds$20,000.Additionally,the Modi government has implemented its economic view through strategies such as Hinduization narrative,nationalist narrative,anti-Congress narrative,and professional narrative.The 2020 Indian agricultural law reform is a typical case of the Modi government’s implementation of economic policy narrative strategies.

关 键 词：莫迪政府 经济观念 经济政策 印度话语 叙事策略 

分 类 号：F135.1[经济管理—世界经济]