关于太阳能电池若干问题的讨论  

Discussion on some problems of solar cells

作　　者：张智明 何珊[1] 孙铁囤 ZHANG Zhi-ming;HE Shan;SUN Tie-tun(Center of Physics Experiments&School of Intelligent Manufacturing,Guangdong Technology College,Zhaoqing,Guangdong 526100,China;School of Information and Optoelectronic Science and Engineering,South China Normal University,Guangzhou 510006,China;Changzhou EGing Photovoltaic Technology Co.,Ltd,Changzhou,Guangdong 213213,China)

机构地区：[1]广东理工学院大学物理实验中心智能制造学院,广东肇庆526100 [2]华南师范大学信息光电子科技学院,广东广州510006 [3]常州亿晶光电科技股份有限公司,江苏常州213213

出　　处：《大学物理》2024年第5期25-28,共4页College Physics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(61775062、11574092、61378012);广东理工学院质量工程项目(SYJXZX20212)资助。

摘　　要：本文探讨了太阳能电池研究和教学中的3个问题:太阳能电池的核心是一个PN结,但为什么太阳能电池的伏安特性曲线与普通PN结的伏安特性曲线看起来相差甚远?太阳能电池的伏安特性曲线的变化细节到底是怎么样的?太阳能电池电路的输出电流、输出电压及输出功率是怎样随负载电阻变化的?本文的研究结果表明:太阳能电池的伏安特性曲线与普通PN结的伏安特性曲线之所以看起来相差甚远,是因为它本质上是太阳能电池电路负载电阻的伏安特性曲线,而不是太阳能电池中PN结的伏安特性曲线;在太阳能电池的伏安特性曲线中,随着电压的增大,电流是单调减小的;对确定的太阳能电池电路,随着负载电阻的增大,输出电流单调减小,输出电压单调增大,但输出功率不是单调变化的,而存在一个最佳功率值,这个最佳功率值对应一个最佳负载电阻值.The following three problems on solar cells are studied in this paper:It is well known that the key element of a solar cell is a PN junction.However,the so called current-voltage characteristics curve(I-U curve)of a solar cell looks very differently with that of a normal PN junction,why?How does the I-U curve of a solar cell change exactly?How do the output current,output voltage,and output power of a solar cell change with the load resistance?The study on these problems has important significance in design and application of solar cells.The research results are as follows:The reason of first problem that the so called I-U curve of a solar cell is,in fact,the I-U curve of the load resistance in a solar cell circuit,not the I-U curve of the PN junction in the solar cell.The answer HYPERLINK"javascript:;"to the second problem is that the current monotonously decreases with increasing the voltage.The answer HYPERLINK"javascript:;"to the third problem is that for a solar cell circuit,with the increase of the load resistance,the output current monotonously decreases,and the output voltage monotonously increases,while the output power does not change monotonousl.There exists a maximum output power which correspods to an optimal load resistance.

关 键 词：太阳能电池 伏安特性曲线 负载特性曲线 

分 类 号：O4-33[理学—物理]