政府绩效考核体系转型与城乡协调发展  

Transformation of Government Performance Management System and Coordinated Urban-Rural Development in China

作　　者：顾昕 柳鲲鹏 沈宇辉 龚斌磊 GU Xin;LIU Kunpeng;SHEN Yuhui;GONG Binlei(School of Public Affairs,Zhejiang University;Academy of Social Governance,Zhejiang University;China Academy for Rural Development,Zhejiang University)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学公共管理学院,310058 [2]浙江大学社会治理研究院,310058 [3]浙江大学中国农村发展研究院,310058

出　　处：《经济研究》2024年第5期170-189,共20页Economic Research Journal

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(72161147001,72173114);国家社科基金重大项目(21&ZD092);教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目(21JZD019,22JZD025)的资助。

摘　　要：在政府绩效评价与考核体系中,过分重视短期经济增长,呈现所谓的“唯GDP主义”,不仅可能导致政府官员的短视行为,阻碍经济的高质量发展,还会产生忽视环境保护、民生改善与共享发展等的治理扭曲现象。在破除“唯GDP主义”的政府考核体系转型导向下,截至2022年末,省市级政府对495个区县政府的绩效评价取消了GDP考核的权重,为研究中国政府治理转型的社会经济影响提供了开展准自然实验的机会。本文构建多任务委托—代理模型,基于2008—2019年的县域面板数据,使用双重差分法评估了破除“唯GDP主义”的政府绩效考核转型对共享发展的影响。研究发现,绩效考核转型能够显著促进城乡居民收入增长及城乡收入差距缩小。进一步分析表明,在经济增长“指挥棒”弱化或消失后,若代之以偏向农村发展的“指挥棒”,则有利于强化对缩小城乡收入差距的促进效应。在作用机制上,绩效考核转型后县级政府通过助推第一产业发展、农村土地出让的初次分配政策与社会救助支出的再分配政策,促进了农村居民收入更快增长。这表明,政府绩效考核体系实现转型,辅之以农村偏向的强激励转换,有助于巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果同乡村振兴的有效衔接,促进以缩小城乡收入差距为重要内容的共享发展。The predominance of GDP growth as a goal in China's government performance management system has cast certain unfavorable impacts on high-quality socioeconomic development and shared prosperity. Since the 18th CPC National Congress, the Chinese government has repeatedly proposed to abolish “GDPism” and attach importance to highquality development and coordinated urban-rural development. To eradicate the dominance of “GDPism” and facilitate transformation, the superior government has eliminated the inclusion of the GDP index in the performance management system across 495 counties.This paper constructs a multi-task principal-agent model to show that after “GDPism” is abolished in the government performance management system, the local governments at the county level tend to reallocate their resources and efforts to the remaining goals in the system, especially to those where strong incentives are newly added after the transformation.Based on the county-level panel data from 2008 to 2019, this paper employs a difference-in-differences approach to evaluate the impacts of government performance management transformation on the urban-rural income gap. The findings indicate that the performance management transformation can significantly promote coordinated urban-rural development. Specifically, compared to counties without the transformation, the treated counties' urban-rural income ratios are 0.0413 smaller on average. The heterogeneity analysis of the different types of newly added incentives shows that the shrinking effects of the transformation on the urban-rural income ratio are stronger when the newly added incentives are more related to rural development. These results are consistent with the conclusions predicted by the multi-task principalagent model.This paper further studies the mechanism by which performance management transformation contributes to the reduction of the urban-rural income gap. At the macro level, the transformation makes county governments put more effort into rural residents' i

关 键 词：唯GDP主义 绩效考核转型 多任务委托—代理关系 城乡收入差距 

分 类 号：D630[政治法律—政治学] F323[政治法律—中外政治制度] F299.2[经济管理—产业经济]