土地供给约束、工业用地优化配置与企业效率——来自耕地保护政策的证据  

Land Supply Constraints, Optimization of Industrial Land Allocation and Enterprise Efficiency: Evidence from Farmland Protection Policies

作　　者：谢婷婷 张辉[2] XIE Tingting;ZHANG Hui(School of Economics,Central University of Finance and Economics;School of Economics,Peking University)

机构地区：[1]中央财经大学经济学院,100081 [2]北京大学经济学院,100080

出　　处：《经济研究》2024年第5期190-208,共19页Economic Research Journal

基　　金：教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目“建设现代化经济体系的路径与策略研究”(18JZD029)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：生产要素优化配置是提升宏观全要素生产率的重要途径。本文以耕地保有量指标管控政策为准自然实验,根据土壤属性预测耕地数量和空间位置解决了内生性问题,结合全国税收调查数据和国土统计数据,研究土地供给约束对企业全要素生产率的影响及机制。研究发现,土地供给约束显著减少了工业用地配置中“压低价格、过量供给和协议出让方式”的供地行为。土地供给收紧后,工业用地配置优化,促进了企业生产效率提升。异质性分析发现,在中心城区、非高技术行业及土地需求旺盛的地区,土地供给收紧后企业效率提升更大。在土地资源趋紧的现实背景下,本文为“腾笼换鸟,凤凰涅槃”及“亩产论英雄”等改革实践提供了学理上的回应。China has a large population but a small farmland area, which is its basic national condition. According to survey data released by the Ministry of Natural Resources, the per capita farmland area in China is 1.4 mu(about 0.0933hectares), which is 40% of the world average. Although China's land resources are very scarce, during the past forty years of rapid development, local governments in China still heavily relied on massive land inputs to promote industrialization and urbanization. However, a large amount of land investment has led to a misallocation of land resources and low economic efficiency. In recent years, the Chinese governments have begun to tighten land supply, resulting in a 40.85% decrease in construction land area per unit of GDP nationwide, and a 60% increase in average investment intensity in industrial land. What is the impact of land supply tightening on land resource allocation? What is the impact of land resource allocation on the total factor productivity of firms? The more important the role of land has been in China's past economic development, the greater the impact of tighter land resources on China's future economic development will be.This paper takes the farmland retention index control policy as a quasi-natural experiment. In 2010, in order to maintain 1.8 billion mu of farmland, the central government decomposed 1.8 billion mu of farmland into cities and established a vertical management system. The central government regards the quantity of farmland as one of the basic indicators for evaluating local government officials. As 70% of the new land for construction in cities is converted from farmland, the policy of protecting farmland has imposed severe restrictions on the supply of urban land for construction. We, by using farmland protection intensity differences, measure the extent to which land supply is constrained in different cities.The core logic of this paper is that the tightened land supply will first change the land allocation behavior of local governments. Governments of

关 键 词：耕地保护 工业用地配置 企业效率 高质量发展 

分 类 号：F301.2[经济管理—产业经济] F273F323.211