地铁大空间车站消防设计优化研究  

Research on the Optimization of Fire Protection Design for Large Space Subway Stations

作　　者：柴聚奎 Chai Jukui(China Railway Engineering Design and Consulting Group Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100055,China)

机构地区：[1]中铁工程设计咨询集团有限公司,北京100055

出　　处：《市政技术》2024年第6期68-74,124,共8页Journal of Municipal Technology

摘　　要：以某城市地铁大空间车站为例,提出相关的消防疏散措施,并通过模拟计算验证相关措施的合理性。为满足疏散时间要求,通过采取在站台层公共区两端增设封闭楼梯间、增设机械加压设备、孔洞两侧增设挡烟垂壁、加大大空间区域机械排烟量、设置防火墙和防火门等措施,对消防区进行物理分隔,从而解决多种工况下站台层人员疏散问题。利用疏散模拟软件Pathfinder和烟气模拟软件FDS,对多个场景下的人员疏散进行模拟分析,得出不同场景下的具体疏散时间和安全余量,进一步验证方案的可行性。结果表明,在中板大开孔方案前提下,采取一系列消防措施后,人员能够通过两侧封闭楼梯间在要求的时间内疏散至安全区域,调整后的排烟系统能够实现轨道区火灾烟气不影响站内公共区人员疏散,达到了设定的消防安全设计目标。Take the scheme of a large space subway station in a certain city as an example,we will propose relevant fire evacuation measures and verify the rationality of the measures through calculation.To meet the requirement of evacuation time,we will add enclosed staircases at both ends of the public area on the platform level,install mechanical pressure equipment,set smoke screens on both sides of the holes,increase the mechanical smoke exhaust volume in the large space area,and install firewalls and fire doors to physically separate the fire zones,thereby solving the problem of evacuating passengers on the platform under various conditions.By using Pathfinder,a software for evacuation simulation,and FDS,a software for smoke simulation,we will simulate and analyze the evacuation of passengers under multiple scenarios,calculate the specific evacuation time and safety margin under different scenarios,and further verify the feasibility of the scheme.The results show that under the premise of a large opening in the middle plate,after taking a series of fire protection measures,passengers can evacuate to a safe area through enclosed staircases on both sides within the required time.The adjusted smoke exhaust system can prevent the smoke from the fire in the track area from affecting the evacuation of passengers in the public area of the station,thus achieving the set goal of fire safety design.

关 键 词：地铁大空间车站 消防设计 疏散模拟 烟气模拟 封闭楼梯间 挡烟垂壁 

分 类 号：U231.4[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程]