盐胁迫下设施番茄矿质元素吸收分配规律  

Absorption and Distribution of Mineral Elements in Greenhouse Tomato Under Salt Stress

作　　者：马瑞萍 孙叶烁 张国新[1] 韩金星 MA Ruiping;SUN Yeshuo;ZHANG Guoxin;HAN Jinxing(Institute of Coastal Agriculture,Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Tangshan,Hebei 063299;Tangshan Agricultural Characteristic Industry Technical Guidance Station,Tangshan,Hebei 063299)

机构地区：[1]河北省农林科学院滨海农业研究所,河北唐山063299 [2]唐山市农业特色产业技术指导站,河北唐山063299

出　　处：《北方园艺》2024年第11期40-49,共10页Northern Horticulture

基　　金：河北省科技创新专项资助项目(2022KJCXZX-BHS-7);唐山市科技计划资助项目(23150203A);河北省现代农业产业技术体系蔬菜创新团队资助项目(HBCT2023100403)。

摘　　要：以设施番茄植株及其器官为试材,采用盆栽法,通过不同NaCl盐分梯度设置土壤盐浓度为0.07%(CK)、0.15%(T1)、0.30%(T2)、0.45%(T3)、0.60%(T4),研究了番茄整株及根、茎、叶、果各器官生物量,氮、磷、钾、钙、镁、钠、铁、锌、铜含量及全株累积量,以期为滨海盐碱地设施番茄提质增效和科学施肥提供参考依据。结果表明:番茄叶、整株干物质量随着土壤含盐量的增大先增后减,0.30%土壤盐浓度下达最大值,根、茎、果占整株的干物质量随着土壤含盐量的增加下降,叶片干物质量随着土壤含盐量的增加升高。氮、磷、钾主要累积在番茄果实中,平均占番茄整株各元素含量的87.02%、72.40%、79.80%。不同程度盐胁迫对氮在番茄各器官中的分配影响较小,但对磷、钾在各器官间分配影响较大,盐浓度越大,磷、钾在果实中的积累量越大。钙和镁在番茄各器官的含量和累积量表现为叶>根>果,随着土壤含盐量的增加番茄果钙、镁含量和累积量减少。随着土壤盐含量升高,番茄叶片和果实钠元素累积量显著增加。番茄果铁含量和累积量在0.30%土壤盐浓度下达最大值,番茄根部铜含量较高,随着土壤盐分含量的升高,铜元素向番茄果实的流动减少。Tomato plants and their organs were used as test materials in potted plants.Soil salt concentrations were set according to different NaCl salinity gradients as follows,0.07%(CK),0.15%(T1),0.30%(T2),0.45%(T3),0.60%(T4).The biomass,contents of nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium,calcium,magnesium,sodium,iron,zinc and copper of whole plant and organs of root,stem,leaf and fruit of tomato were studied,in order to provide reference for improving the quality and efficiency of tomato and scientific fertilization in coastal saline-alkali land.The results showed that,the dry matter mass of tomato leaves and whole plant increased first and then decreased with the increase of soil salt content,and the soil salt concentration reached the maximum value at 0.30%.The dry matter mass of roots,stems and fruits in whole plant decreased with the increase of soil salt content,and the dry matter mass of leaves increased with the increase of soil salt content.Nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium mainly accumulated in tomato fruits,accounting for 87.02%,72.40%and 79.80%of all elements in tomato plants on average.Different levels of salt stress had little effect on the distribution of nitrogen in tomato organs,but had great effect on the distribution of phosphorus and potassium among organs.The higher the salt concentration,the greater the accumulation of phosphorus and potassium in fruit.The content and accumulation of calcium and magnesium in tomato organs were as follows,leaf>root>fruit.With the increase of soil salt content,the content and accumulation of calcium and magnesium in tomato fruit decreased.With the increasing of soil salt content,the cumulative sodium content of tomato leaves and fruits increased significantly.The maximum iron content and cumulative content of tomato fruit were reached at 0.30%soil salt concentration,and the copper content of tomato root was higher.With the increase of soil salt content,the flow of copper to tomato fruit decreased.

关 键 词：盐胁迫 番茄 矿质元素 

分 类 号：S641.2[农业科学—蔬菜学]