不同施钾量对日光温室藏红花生长及产量品质的影响  

Effects of Different Potassium Dosage on the Growth and Yield Quality of Saffron in Solar Greenhouse

作　　者：陈志国 王翠丽 杨世梅 向增旭[2] 魏玉杰 陈芳 CHEN Zhiguo;WANG Cuili;YANG Shimei;XIANG Zengxu;WEI Yujie;CHEN Fang(Gansu Agricultural Engineering Technology Research Institute,Wuwei,Gansu 733006;College of Horticulture,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing,Jiangsu 210000)

机构地区：[1]甘肃省农业工程技术研究院,甘肃武威733006 [2]南京农业大学园艺学院,江苏南京210000

出　　处：《北方园艺》2024年第11期106-110,共5页Northern Horticulture

基　　金：财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系资助项目(CARS-21)。

摘　　要：以藏红花种球为试材,采用日光温室栽培,每667 m^(2)施硫酸钾4、5、6、7、8 kg,记为F1、F2、F3、F4、F5处理,以不施肥(CK)为对照,对藏红花种植时间、开花数量、花丝质量、产量、柱头成分进行测定,研究了不同施肥量对藏红花生长发育及产量的影响,以期为藏红花生产提供参考依据。结果表明:施入钾肥处理,F3处理初花期最早,F5处理开花朵数最多。F4处理出苗率最高,为98.94%,F2处理出苗率最低,为94.56%。其中花丝长度,F3处理花丝长度最长,较CK高17.86%,F4处理鲜质量最大。施肥可增加藏红花种球产量,各施钾处理产量均高于CK,F5处理667 m^(2)产量达最大,为414.09 kg。F5处理藏红花苷-Ⅰ、藏红花苷-Ⅱ的含量和藏红花苷-Ⅰ与藏红花苷-Ⅱ总量均高于其他处理,分别为14.48%、6.32%、20.80%。苦藏花素含量也处于较高水平。钾肥可以促进藏红花花丝质量,提高种球产量,且667 m^(2)施钾肥含量为8 kg时,藏红花花丝质量和产量均最优。Taking Crocus sativus L.bulbs as experimental materials and cultivated in solar greenhouse,4,5,6,7,8kg of potassium sulfate(F1,F2,F3,F4,F5)were applied per 667m^(2).The planting time,flowering quantity,silk quality,yield,and stigma components of Crocus sativus L.were measured with no fertilization(CK)as the control.The effects of different fertilization rates on growth,development,and yield of Crocus sativus L.were studied,in order to provide reference for Crocus sativus L.production.The results showed that the application into the potassium fertilizer treatment,the early flowering of F3treatment was the earliest,F5treatment had the highest numbers of flowering flowers.F4treatment had the highest initial emergence rate of 98.94%and F2treatment had the lowest emergence at 94.56%.F3treatment filament length was the longest,17.86%higher than CK,and the largest fresh weight of F4treatment.Fertilization could increase the yield of saffron seed bulb,the yield of each potassium treatment was higher than CK,and the yield per 667 m^(2) of F5 treatment reached the maximum value of 414.09kg.The content of saffron-Ⅰ,saffron-Ⅱ,total content of saffron-Ⅰand saffron-Ⅱof F5treatment was higher than that of other treatment,with 14.48%,6.32%and 20.80%,respectively.The content of picrocroin was also at a relatively high level.Potassium fertilizer could promote the quality of saffron filament and improve the yield of seed ball.The quality and yield of saffron filament was optimal at 8kg per 667m^(2).

关 键 词：藏红花 施钾量 日光温室 藏红花苷 

分 类 号：S567.2[农业科学—中草药栽培]