《史记·仓公列传》所见西汉医学新探  

Medicine in the Western Han Dynasty in The Biography of Cang Gong,Shih Chi

作　　者：郑若羲 顾漫[1] Zheng Ruoxi;Gu man(Institute for History of Medicine and Medical Literature,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,Beijing 100700,China)

机构地区：[1]中国中医科学院中国医史文献研究所,北京100700

出　　处：《中华医史杂志》2024年第2期125-128,F0003,共5页Chinese Journal of Medical History

基　　金：四川省社会科学重点研究基地(扩展)中国出土医学文献与文物研究中心立项课题(CTWX2307)。

摘　　要：《史记·仓公列传》中详细记载了仓公所诊治的26则医案,结合出土和传世医学文献,可以共同勾勒西汉前期的医学概貌。《史记·仓公列传》中记载的医学传承,是以医书的传承为线索的,可见今本《黄帝内经》成书前的秦汉时期,确实流传着《脉经》《五色》等古医书。从藏象理论、五脏脉诊和疾病辨识3个方面分析西汉前期的医学,可知当时五脏理论已具备一定的系统性,形成了体内五脏与体表、外在环境相通的思想。在诊断疾病中,先通过脉诊审察是否为五脏疾病,再进一步辨别疾病、决断死生,也是以五脏为核心的观念的体现。对疾病的认识以经脉疾病为起点,但也存在着不能反应于脉象、需根据症状辨别的疾病。The Biography of Cang Gong,Shih Chi(Shi Ji,Cang Gong Lie Zhuan)recorded 26 medical cases treated in detail by Cang Gong(Chunyu Yi),who was believed to be the academic successor of Bian Que by Sima qian.It mapped the medical picture of the beginning period of the Western Han Dynasty from unearthed and hand-down medical literature at that time.The medical history and development recorded in The Biography of Cang Gong,Shih Chi was mainly based on medical books handed down.Some ancient medical books were published over multiple dynasties,such as Mai Jing and Wuse(Wu Se)in the Qin and Han Dynasties before the present version of Huangdi Neijing appeared.The five viscera(Wu Zang)theory seemed to be systematic and the ideas between the five viscera and the surface of the body and the external environment had been constructed,based on the viscera-state theory(Xiang Li Lun),five viscera pulse diagnosis(Wu Zang Mai Zhen)and diseases at that time.Diagnosis was also based on the five viscera theory,examining whether the disease came from a problem of the five viscera through pulse diagnosis and then identifying the disease and providing prescription.It can be seen that the understanding of diseases at that time started from meridian vessel(passages through which vital energy circulates,regulating bodily functions).

关 键 词：《仓公列传》 仓公 淳于意 西汉医学 

分 类 号：K234.1[历史地理—历史学] R2-09[历史地理—中国史]