天津市噪声作业劳动者的听力损失特征及影响因素的定量分析  

Quantitative analysis of the characteristics and influencing factors of hearing loss among workers exposed to noise in Tianjin

作　　者：王舒颖 李培[2] 高雅 周宴名 王欣[1,2] 曾强 Wang Shuying;Li Pei;Gao Ya;Zhou Yanming;Wang Xing;Zeng Qiang(School of Public Health,Tianjin Medical University,Tianjin 300070,China;Institute of Occupational Health,Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,Tianjin 300011,China)

机构地区：[1]天津医科大学公共卫生学院,天津300070 [2]天津市疾病预防控制中心职业健康研究所,天津300011

出　　处：《中华劳动卫生职业病杂志》2024年第5期346-349,共4页Chinese Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Diseases

基　　金：天津市卫生健康委科技重点项目(TJWJ2021ZD004);天津市医学重点建设学科(TJYXZDXK-066B)。

摘　　要：目的分析2020年天津市噪声作业劳动者在岗期间双耳高频平均听力损伤的特征,并对作业工人双耳高频听力损伤的影响因素进行定量分析。方法于2023年3月,收集整理2020年天津市职业病与健康危害因素信息监测系统中有关噪声危害企业的基本信息及接触噪声劳动者的个人信息、用χ^(2)检验分析在岗期间员工的基本信息、企业规模、地区分布、行业类别和经济类型对作业工人双耳高频平均听力损伤的影响,用二分类logistic回归对噪声作业工人双耳高频平均听阈异常的影响因素进行定量分析。结果噪声作业人员的性别、年龄、工龄以及企业规模、经济类型、行业类别、企业地区分布均为噪声作业工人双耳高频平均听阈异常的影响因素(χ^(2)=733.56、3497、27、1352.84、1197.62、2570.59、22.30、506.60,P<0.001)。logistic回归模型定量分析显示,噪声作业工人为男性(OR=2.50,P<0.001)、年龄为30~39、40~49、50~59岁(OR=1.33,P<0.001;OR=1.68,P<0.001;OR=1.52,P<0.001),工龄4~<10年和≥10年(OR=1.08,P<0.001;OR=1.62,P<0.001)是噪声作业人员双耳高频听力损伤的影响因素;在企业特征上,中、小、微型规模的企业(OR=1.12,P<0.001;OR=1.75,P<0.001;OR=2.09,P<0.001),位于环城四区(OR=1.27,P<0.001)的企业且企业经济类型为集体经济、其他经济、私营经济、港澳台投资、股份制以及其他行业经济均为噪声作业人员双耳高频听力损伤的影响因素(P<0.001)。结论噪声是天津市企业普遍存在的职业病危害因素,尤其是微型企业的劳动者面临较高的听力异常风险,企业需要强化噪声作业的管理和干预,以预防劳动者听力损伤的发生。ObjectiveTo analyze the characteristics of high-frequency average hearing loss in both ears of noise exposed workers in Tianjin in 2020,and quantitatively analyze the influencing factors of high-frequency hearing loss in both ears of workers.MethodsIn March 2023,Collect and organize basic information about noise-hazardous enterprises and personal information of workers exposed to noise.Data from the Tianjin Occupational Disease and Health Hazard Factors Information Monitoring System from January 2020 to December 2020,and analyze the impact of basic information of employees,enterprise size,regional distribution,industry category,and economic type on the high-frequency average hearing loss of workers during work.Apply logistic regression to quantitatively analyze the influencing factors of abnormal high-frequency average hearing threshold of noise exposed workers.ResultsThe size,economic type,industry category,and regional distribution of enterprises,as well as the gender,age,length of service of workers,have an impact on the abnormal high-frequency average hearing threshold of noise exposed workers(χ^(2)=733.56、3497、27、1352.84、1197.62、2570.59、22.30、506.60,P<0.001).Quantitative analysis using a logistic regression model showed that in the basic information of workers,noise exposed workers were male(OR=2.500,P<0.001)and aged 30-39,40-49,and 50-59 years(OR=1.33,P<0.001;OR=1.68,P<0.001;OR=1.52,P<0.001),with a length of service of 4 to<10 years and≥10 years(OR=1.08,P<0.001;OR=1.615,P<0.001)being the influencing factors for high-frequency hearing loss in both ears of noise exposed workers;In terms of enterprise characteristics,medium-sized,small and micro enterprises(OR=1.12,P<0.001;OR=1.75,P<0.001;OR=2.09,P<0.001),enterprises located in the fourth district around the city(OR=1.268,P<0.001),and enterprises with economic types of collective economy,other economy,private economy,Hong Kong,Macao and Taiwan investment,shareholding system,and other industry economies(OR are all>1,P<0.001)are all factors affe

关 键 词：噪声 职业危害 职业健康检查 

分 类 号：R135[医药卫生—劳动卫生]