卡皮查论大科技时代的科技政策与管理  

Kapitza's Research on the Policy and Management of Science and Technology in the Era of Big Science

作　　者：厚宇德[1] 林书羽 HOU Yude;LIN Shuyu

机构地区：[1]山西大学 [2]山西大学科技所

出　　处：《科学文化评论》2024年第2期5-18,共14页Science & Culture Review

基　　金：教育部人文社科研究项目(项目编号:20YJAZH036)。

摘　　要：卡皮查与贝尔纳一样,既是著名的科学家,也是优秀的科研组织者、科技政策理论家。他在20世纪40年代末就有了大科学的理念,认为在大科学时代科学管理者的作用至关重要,而只有出色的科学家才有资格做科学管理者。在他看来,有价值的科研计划是粗线条的、把握大方向的,而追求制定无懈可击的科研计划是违背科研事实与规律的;与此相反,他认为技术与发明的推广计划越详尽、越具有可行性越好。他认识到,所有与科技有关的问题,其实质最终都体现为社会资源能否合理分配这一问题。他较早具备了知识经济、全球化等理念。他坚信,科技是经济发展的决定性因素;人类的很多问题,只有在国家合作的全球化框架下,才能基于科技力量得到妥善解决。Kapitza,just like Bernal,was not only a well-known scientist but also an excellent scientific organizer and a theorist of science and technology policy.By the late 1940s,he had grasped the concept of Big Science.He believed that the role of science managers is crucial,and only distinguished scientists are qualified for this role.In his views,the valuable research plans should outline the main direction but cannot be rigidly defined,as an inflexible research plan is against the scientific principles,and is impractical.On the contrary,he believed that the plan for promoting technology and inventions must be detailed and feasible.The essence of all issues related to science and technology lies in the rational use of the social resources.He was ahead of his time in conceptualizing the knowledge economy and globalization,asserting that science and technology are the decisive factors in economic development,and that many human problems can only be properly resolved through the global cooperation.

关 键 词：大科学 知识经济学 全球化 

分 类 号：N09[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学] G3[文化科学]