民国时期中央研究院研究生制度的建立与演变  

The Establishment and Evolution of the Postgraduate System of Academia Sinica in Republican China

作　　者：付邦红[1] 汪明辰 FU Banghong;WANG Mingchen

机构地区：[1]中国科学技术大学科技史与科技考古系

出　　处：《科学文化评论》2024年第2期33-53,共21页Science & Culture Review

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(项目编号:20BZS083)。

摘　　要：民国时期是中国研究生教育的起步和制度建立阶段,在中国教育史和近现代科学史上具有特殊的地位。中央研究院研究生教育是该时段研究生教育的重要部分。该院研究生制度的确立与演变,是其研究生教育实践的基础。结合相关制度规定,对照该院职员录和有关人员薪俸档案等资料,详细梳理中央研究院研究生制度的设置缘起、确立与演进。分析表明,中央研究院的“研究生”概念外延较大,事实上某些时间段的练习助理员、练习员、助理员从制度规定上看就是严格意义的研究生,而有些时段练习助理员等则模糊等同于研究生。在整个制度探索过程中,宏大理想与系统性缺失、灵活而松散、自由又集中、积极努力却执行不力等优势和问题并存是此时中央研究院研究生相关制度的显著特点。构建自成体系的研究生教育系统和规范且自主的科学文化是其显见的制度目标。中研院研究生虽无学位但却产生了人才培养实效,是研究机构学术人才培育的一种有益探索,也是对高校研究生教育的补充。The Republic of China period was the beginning and system establishment stage of China's postgraduate education,and it has a special status in the history of Chinese education and the history of modern science.Postgraduate education at Academia Sinica was an important part of the corresponding work during this period.The establishment and evolution of the postgraduate system is the foundation of its postgraduate education practice in Academia Sinica.Combining relevant system regulations and comparing the institute's staff records and salary files of relevant personnel,this article details the origin,establishment and evolution of the postgraduate system of Academia Sinica.Analysis shows that the concept of"postgraduate students"of Academia Sinica has a wider extension.In fact,the practical assistants,postgraduate trainees,and assistants in certain periods of time are strictly postgraduate students according to the system regulations,while in other periods,practical assistants etc.are vaguely equivalent to postgraduate student.In the entire process of system exploration,the coexistence of strengths and problem,grand ideals and systematic lack,flexibility and looseness,freedom and concentration,active efforts but poor implementation,are the salient features of the postgraduate-related system of Academia Sinica at this time.Building a self-contained postgraduate education system and a standardized and independent scientific culture are its obvious institutional goals.Although postgraduate students from Academia Sinica did not have degrees,the actual training effect was obvious.The work of Academia Sinica was a useful exploration in cultivating academic talents in research institutions and was also a supplement to postgraduate education in universities.

关 键 词：民国时期 中央研究院 研究生制度 

分 类 号：N092[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学] G643[文化科学—高等教育学]