丹麦拉斯克-奥斯特基金会的历史背景及其作用的考察  

The Historical Context and Role of the Rask-Ørsted Fondet

作　　者：冯乐 FENG Yue

机构地区：[1]中国科学院大学 [2]中国科学院自然科学史研究所

出　　处：《科学文化评论》2024年第2期54-67,共14页Science & Culture Review

摘　　要：通过查找尼尔斯玻尔档案馆文献、哥本哈根大学年鉴、丹麦议会档案、国际联盟档案等,对丹麦拉斯克-奥斯特基金会(Rask-?rsted Fondet)的历史背景及其作用进行了考察。基金会是顺应丹麦政府的中立政策,为了应对“一战”后新的国际形势、促进国际合作而建立的。从对内和对外两个层面来看,基金会对国际合作的支持,完善了本土的科学支持体系,对各种国际科学交流活动供了资金支持,也使丹麦及时融入了“一战”后国际合作的新潮流中,突破了其他国际科学组织的局限性,并与丹麦其他外交活动一起传播了国际主义精神。以哥本哈哥大学理论物理研究所为例,以具体数据来看基金会对研究所的具体科研活动的支持。当科学政策与科学发展需求一致时,会产生良好的效应。This study examines the historical background and role of the Rask-Ørsted Fondet by exploring materials from the Niels Bohr Archives,yearbooks of the University of Copenhagen,archives of the Danish Parliament,and archives of the League of Nations.Firstly,the Foundation was established in response to the neutral policy of the Danish governmentto address the new international landscape after the World War I and to promote international collaborations.Secondly,the Foundation's support for these collaborations is detailed at both internal and external levels,and the Foundation not only improves the local scientific support system and provides financial support for various international scientific exchange activities;externally,Denmark's neutral foreign policy exemplified by the Foundation has enabled Denmark to integrate into the new wave of international collaborations after World War I.The Foundation surpasses the limitations of other international scientific organizations,promoting the spirit of internationalism alongside Danish diplomatic efforts.Thirdly,using the Institute of Theoretical Physics at the University of Copenhagen as a case study,this paper illustrates the foundation's supportfor specific research activities with concrete data.It can be argued that when science policy is aligned with the needs of scientific development,it produces favorable effects.Finally,the historical role played by the Rask-Ørsted Fondet is summarized through these three levels of discussion.

关 键 词：丹麦 拉斯克-奥斯特基金会 玻尔 国际合作 

分 类 号：N09[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学] O4-09[理学—物理]