托克维尔济贫思想中的自由问题探讨  

An Exploration of the Issue of Liberty in Tocqueville’s Thoughts on Pauperism

作　　者：曾极麟 Zeng Jilin

机构地区：[1]北京大学政府管理学院 [2]北京大学国家治理研究院

出　　处：《政治思想史》2024年第2期154-171,200,共19页Journal of the History of Political Thought

摘　　要：工业资本主义下繁荣与贫困共存,市场与社会的“双向运动”构成自由的现代困境:如果个体要么在市场中被迫商品化,要么陷入父爱式政府下的福利依赖,那么自由何以可能?重返19世纪英国济贫法改革现场,可以发现当古典经济学在英国本土论争中宣告胜利时,法国思想家托克维尔却展现出独特的问题意识和跨国比较视野。他不仅在农业与工业社会的对比中认识到贫困问题的道德面向,而且从财产权出发提出新的济贫方案以表达其政治理想。对托克维尔未受重视的济贫思想钩沉发微和进行得失分析,可以为反思当代福利国家理论和实践提供一些启示。In response to the paradox of prosperity and poverty in industrial capitalism,the“double movement”between market and society constitutes the modern dilemma of liberty:how can liberty be possible if individuals are either forced to commodify themselves in the market or lost in the welfare dependency under the tutelary power?Back to the historical scene of Poor Law reform,where this dilemma arose,we find that while classical liberalism triumphed in the local debate,French thinker Tocqueville exhibited a set of unique theses and transnational comparisons.He not only recognized the moral dimensions of poverty by comparing agrarian and industrial societies,but also proposed a new solution to poverty relief from the perspective of property rights to express his political ideals.Through the exploration of Tocqueville’s underappreciated thoughts on poverty relief,inspiration can be provided for reflecting on the theory and practice of welfare states from the viewpoint of political liberty.

关 键 词：托克维尔 工业资本主义 自由 济贫法报告 

分 类 号：F091.3[经济管理—政治经济学]