中国大陆海岸线与陆海两侧空间利用关联特征  

Correlation Characteristics of Mainland Coastlines and Spatial Utilization on Land and Sea Sides in China

作　　者：郭玉 侯西勇[1,3,4] GUO Yu;HOU Xiyong(Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Yantai 264003,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Yantai 264003,China;Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes,Yantai 264003,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院烟台海岸带研究所,烟台264003 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]中国科学院海岸带环境过程与生态修复重点实验室,烟台264003 [4]山东省海岸带环境过程重点实验室,烟台264003

出　　处：《地球信息科学学报》2024年第6期1426-1438,共13页Journal of Geo-information Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42176221);中国科学院烟台海岸带研究所前沿部署项目(YIC-E3518907)。

摘　　要：海岸线位于陆地与海洋交汇的关键地带,其利用模式与陆海两侧的空间规划与开发密切相关。本研究主要基于2022年SDGSAT-1卫星影像,兼顾海岸线两侧的陆域和海域空间,从中国海岸带整体、省(市区)海岸带、剖面线3个层面探究中国大陆海岸线与陆海两侧空间利用的关联特征。结果表明:①中国大陆海岸线开发利用比例较高,未利用岸线仅占35.11%;在已开发的岸线类型中,养殖围堤岸线占比最大,其次是港口码头岸线;②在土地利用方面,建设用地面积最大,其在天津和上海占有较大比重;人工湿地次之,在辽宁和山东占比较高。对于海域利用,渔业用海在山东和福建占比较大;交通运输用海在上海占比最大;能源开发用海在上海、天津和河北占有较大比重;③从开发利用强度来看,海岸线利用程度综合指数、土地利用程度综合指数和海域利用程度综合指数两两之间均存在明显的正相关关系。与向海一侧相比,海岸线利用程度与陆域土地利用活动之间的相关性更强;空间上,3个指数高值和低值所在的地区基本一致,高值区主要分布在天津和河北等北方省份,低值区主要分布在浙江和福建等南方省份;④从海岸线角度观海望陆:未利用岸线向陆一侧林地占比最高、土地利用程度综合指数值最低,而在未利用岸线向海一侧,旅游娱乐用海的占比高于其他岸线类型;港口码头岸线陆海两侧利用程度综合指数均为最高,陆侧以建设用地为主,海侧以能源开发用海和交通运输用海为主;养殖和盐田围堤岸线海侧的生态保护用海占比高于其他岸线类型。研究结果可为科学规划和管理海岸线、优化陆海空间结构等提供科学数据和决策支持。The coastline is located at land-sea interaction zone,and its utilization pattern is closely related to the spatial planning on both sides of the coastline(i.e.,land and sea).This study primarily used the 2022 SDGSAT-1 satellite imagery and considered both the land and sea sides of the coastline to investigate the correlation characteristics of mainland coastlines and the spatial utilization on land and sea sides in China from the three levels:the entire coastal zone,the provincial(municipal)coastal zones,and the profile lines.The results show that:(1)The overall utilization ratio of the mainland coastline was high,with only 35.11%remaining undeveloped.Among the developed coastline types,aquaculture embankment coastlines accounted for the highest proportion,followed by port and dock coastlines;(2)In terms of land use,the largest area was utilized for construction purposes,with a significant proportion in Tianjin and Shanghai,followed by the artificial wetland area,with a high proportion in Liaoning and Shandong provinces.In terms of sea area use,fishery dominated in Shandong and Fujian provinces,marine transportation was most prominent in Shanghai,and the energy development accounted for a large proportion in Shanghai,Tianjin,and Hebei;(3)Regarding utilization intensity,there were clear positive correlations between the Index of Coastline Utilization Degree(ICUD),Index of Land Utilization Degree(ILUD),and Index of Sea Utilization Degree(ISUD).Especially,the correlation between coastline utilization and land use activities was relatively strong.Spatially,the regions with high and low values for the three indices were generally consistent.High-value regions were mainly distributed in northern regions such as Tianjin and Hebei,while low-value regions were predominantly found in southern provinces such as Zhejiang and Fujian;(4)Observing both land and sea sides from the coastline perspective,the landward side of unused coastlines was mostly covered by forests,with a lowest index of land utilization degree,while on th

关 键 词：大陆海岸线 陆海两侧 土地利用 海域利用 关联特征 SDGSAT-1卫星 剖面线 中国 

分 类 号：P74[天文地球—海洋科学] P715.6