某三层地铁车站火灾数值模拟及疏散研究  

Research on fire simulation and safe evacuation of a three story underground subway station

作　　者：杜梅霞 郭智杰 赵宁 Du Meixia;Guo Zhijie;Zhao Ning(China Coal Tianjin Design&Engineering Co.,Ltd.,Tianjin 300120,China)

机构地区：[1]中煤天津设计工程有限责任公司,天津300120

出　　处：《山西建筑》2024年第14期6-11,共6页Shanxi Architecture

摘　　要：通过FDS火灾模拟软件对地下三层地铁站公共区火灾进行数值模拟,通过对站台层不同位置的火源火灾的自然排烟工况进行模拟,确定了站台层烟气排除最不利位置的火源火灾,并对该工况进行了两种机械排烟模式的火灾数值模拟。研究表明烟气受边壁影响,火源位于车站中部靠近屏蔽门处火源火灾烟气弥漫站台层的时间最短,所有疏散楼梯均不满足人员疏散要求的条件;当开启两种机械排烟模式时均能满足疏散楼梯口的疏散要求;在设置辅助排烟模式下,因增大排烟量可使站台内环境温度下降6.5℃。该研究成果为三层地铁车站的排烟设计及人员疏散研究提供参考。The FDS fire simulation software was used to numerically simulate a fire in a subway station on three underground floors.Firstly,the natural smoke exhaust conditions of fire sources at different positions on the platform floor were simulated to determine the most unfavorable location for smoke exhaust from the fire source on the platform floor.Then,two mechanical smoke exhaust modes were numerically simulated for this condition.Research has shown that smoke is affected by the side walls,and the fire source is located in the middle of the station near the screen door.The shortest time for smoke to diffuse throughout the entire platform is when the fire source is located,and all evacuation stairs do not meet the conditions for personnel evacuation;When both mechanical smoke exhaust modes are activated,they can meet the evacuation requirements of the evacuation staircase;When setting the auxiliary smoke exhaust mode,increasing the smoke exhaust volume can reduce the ambient temperature inside the platform by 6.5℃.The results of this study provide reference for smoke exhaust design and personnel evacuation research of a three story subway station.

关 键 词：地铁车站 火灾模拟 人员疏散 

分 类 号：TU998.1[建筑科学—市政工程]