基于地质建造的岷江上游干旱河谷区下段土壤特征和植被时空变化  

Soil Characteristics and Spatial and Temporal Changes of Vegetations in the Lower Part of the Arid Valley Area of the Upper Reaches of Minjiang River Based on Geological Formation

作　　者：周雪妮 巴仁基[1] 肖成志 曹亚廷 计扬 ZHOU Xueni;BA Renji;XIAO Chengzhi;CAO Yating;JI Yang(Civil-Military Integration Center of China Geological Survey,Chengdu,Sichuan 610036,China;Key Laboratory of Natural Resource Coupling Process and Effects,Beijing 100055,China;College of Environment and Civil Engineering,Chengdu University of Technology,Chengdu,Sichuan 610059,China;School of Geophysics&Geomatics,China University of Geosciences(Wuhan),Wuhan,Hubei 430074,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质调查局军民融合地质调查中心,四川成都610036 [2]自然资源要素耦合过程与效应重点实验室,北京100055 [3]成都理工大学环境与土木工程学院,四川成都610059 [4]中国地质大学(武汉)地球物理与空间信息学院,湖北武汉430074

出　　处：《现代地质》2024年第3期660-673,共14页Geoscience

基　　金：中国地质调查局军民融合地质调查中心项目(DD20220955,DD20220881)。

摘　　要：为探讨岷江上游干旱河谷区地质建造对土壤性质的控制以及对植被分布的制约,支撑生态保护修复分区治理工作,本文以岷江上游干旱河谷区下段为研究区,采用地质建造调查、元素分析测试和遥感解译方法,结合土地利用数据,从地质建造类型、土壤特征、土地利用和植被覆盖度方面分析地质建造单元对土壤和植被的影响。结果表明:第四纪松散堆积建造区土壤层厚、养分丰富,由于人类活动改造作用较强,区内植物种类以经济作物为主;三叠纪复理石建造区土壤层较厚,养分丰富,基岩构造裂隙较发育,富水性较好,适宜灌木和少量乔木生长,该区植被覆盖度高;泥盆纪泥页岩-碳酸盐岩建造土壤层较厚、土壤钙等养分含量高,分布大量喜钙侧柏;志留纪泥砂质-碳酸盐建造区区发育非贯穿性裂隙,受构造作用影响浅表层的岩石风化破碎程度高,水土极易流失,以低矮灌木和草地为主;元古宙中酸性岩浆岩建造区土壤层薄,裂隙发育,土壤中磷等养分含量较高,土壤层含水率最低,以灌丛植物生长为主;中元古代火山岩-熔岩建造区发育闭合状裂隙,含水性差,仅适合灌草丛生长,植被覆盖度偏低。This study aims to explore the controls of geological formation on soil properties and constraints on vegetation distribution in the arid valley of the upper reaches of Minjiang River,in order to support the ecological protection and restoration of sub-area management.Taking the lower part of the upper reaches of Minjiang River arid river valley as an example,this study employed the geological formation survey,elemental analysis,remote sensing,and combining with the land-use data,to analyze the influence of geological formation on soils and vegetations,specifically regarding soil characteristics,land-use,and vegetation coverage.The results show that the Quaternary loose accumulation formation area has thick and nutrient-enriched soils,but with strong anthropogenic modifications,and the plant species in the area are dominated by cash crops.The soil layer in the Triassic complex marble formation is relatively thicker and more enriched in nutrients.The structural fractures in the bedrock are more developed with enriched water,which is suitable for the growth of shrubs and a small amount of trees,and this area has a high vegetation coverage.The Devonian mud shale-carbonate formation has a thick soil layer,with high concentration of calcium element and other nutrients.Silurian silty sandy-carbonate formation develops abundant non-penetrating fractures caused by structural activities.The shallow surface layer of the rock shows high degree of fragmentation due to weathering,and soil-wate loss is very easy to be dominated by the growth of low shrubs and grasslands.The soil layer in the intermediate-acidic magma rocks is thin,but with fissure development,and high content of phosphorus and other nutrients in the soil.This soil layer has the lowest water content and is dominated by the growth of scrub plants.The Middle Paleozoic volcanic-lava formation area develops closed fractures with poor water content,which is only suitable for the growth of shrubs and grasses.

关 键 词：地质建造 土壤特征 植被覆盖度 时空演变 干旱河谷 

分 类 号：P642.1[天文地球—工程地质学]