基于多环境要素的新疆耕地适宜性评价  

Suitability Assessment on the Croplands in Xinjiang Based on Multi-environmental Factors

作　　者：赵晓峰 刘晓煌 刘玖芬 李洪宇 张文博 ZHAO Xiaofeng;LIU Xiaohuang;LIU Jiufen;LI Hongyu;ZHANG Wenbo(Command Center for Natural Resources Comprehensive Survey,China Geological Survey,Beijing 100055,China;School of Earth Sciences and Resources,China University of Geosciences(Beijing),Beijing 100083,China;Key Laboratory of Coupling Process and Effect of Natural Resources Elements,Beijing 100055,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质调查局自然资源综合调查指挥中心,北京100055 [2]中国地质大学(北京)地球科学与资源学院,北京100083 [3]自然资源要素耦合过程与效应重点实验室,北京100055

出　　处：《现代地质》2024年第3期718-733,共16页Geoscience

基　　金：自然资源综合调查指挥中心科技创新基金(KC20230003);第三次新疆综合科学考察项目(2022xjkk090405,2021xjkk1401);中国地质调查局项目(DD20230514,DD20242769)。

摘　　要：新疆地域辽阔、自然环境复杂多样,综合评价各类环境要素对耕地适宜性的制约与对耕地适宜区分布的影响,是开展区域耕地资源保护与耕地后备资源开发的重要基础,对维护新疆粮食安全和实施土地整治具有重要意义。本研究基于新疆耕地分布数据,通过最大熵模型和空间统计分析,研究气候(气温、降水)、地形、水文、土壤和地质等5类35个环境要素对新疆山地区与平原区耕地(旱地和水田)适宜区分布的影响。主要取得如下认识:(1)在平原区,影响旱地适宜性的主要因素为土壤总氮、到水系距离和冬季降水,而影响水田适宜性的主要因素为到水系距离、土壤pH、土壤表层湿度和>10℃年积温;在山地区,>0℃年积温、冬季降水、坡度和到水系距离是影响旱地适宜性的主要因素。(2)旱地高适宜区总面积约为78221 km^(2),主要分布于新疆西北部的阿尔泰山,西天山和中天山的中低海拔区域(海拔<2000 m),以及塔里木盆地边缘的山麓平原;新疆水田高适宜区总面积约为2834 km^(2),面积相对旱地较少,主要零星分布在新疆的中天山和西天山等雨水充沛地区。本研究选用的35个环境变量是当前可获取到的最新数据,数据较为全面、系统和准确,能够综合评价气候、地形、水文、土壤和地质因素对新疆耕地(旱地和水田)分布的影响程度,筛选出对耕地适宜性影响最大的环境变量,最终获得新疆耕地适宜区的分布。研究结果可为新疆土地资源利用提供科学支撑,为新疆耕地的开发与利用提供参考与建议。Croplands are natural resources which are essential to human survival and economic development.A comprehensive assessment on the impacts of various environmental factors on the suitability and distribution of croplands is able to more efficiently assist the utilization and development of the land.Xinjiang possesses a large area with the complex climatic,topographic,soil,and geological conditions that affect the patterns of soil use.In this study,a Maxent model and spatial statistics were used to analyze the distribution of suitable areas for croplands(drylands and paddy fields)in the mountainous and plain regions in Xinjiang.A total of 35 environmental variables related to climate(e.g.,temperature,precipitation),topography,hydrology,soils,and geo-logy were used in the assessment.The main findings are as follows:(1)In the plains,soils’total nitrogen,distance to the water system,and winter precipitation are the main factors affecting the suitability of drylands.In the mountains,>0℃annual accumulation temperature,winter precipitation,slope,and distance to the water system are the primary factors affecting the suitability of drylands.For paddy fields in the plains,distance to the water system,soil pH,soil surface moisture,and>10℃annual accumulation temperature are the main factors affecting the suitability of paddy fields.(2)The high suitability area for drylands in Xinjiang is about 78,221 km^(2) in total,mainly located in Altai Mountains in Northwestern Xinjiang,the middle and low altitude areas(<2,000 m above sea level)in western and middle Tianshan Mountains,and the near-mountain plains at the edge of Tarim Basin.The high suitability area for paddy fields in Xinjiang is about 2,834 km^(2) in total,a little smaller in area comparing to the drylands,which is mainly located in middle and western Tianshan Mountains.They are generally scattered in the middle and western Tianshan regions.The 35 environmental variables selected in this study are currently the latest accessible dataset,and the data are relatively c

关 键 词：耕地 新疆 适宜性评价 主控因素 

分 类 号：P963[天文地球—自然地理学]