由《学宫图说》看明代江浙地区营造传统在日本书院类建筑的传播与交流  

Study on the Communication and Transmission of Traditional Construction in Jiangsu and Zhejiang Region on Japanese School Buildings in the Ming Dynasty Taking Xue Gong Tu Shuoas an Example

作　　者：吕颖琦 李浈[1] 王之玮 LYU Yingqi;LI Zhen;WANG Zhiwei

机构地区：[1]同济大学建筑与城市规划学院 [2]日本横滨国立大学

出　　处：《建筑师》2024年第3期78-90,共13页The Architect

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目“度制和匠习影响下我国官式和乡建筑营造技艺的系统关联性研究”(52278040)。

摘　　要：本文通过对朱舜水《学宫图说》中的建筑构架、布局的对比研究,从建筑的尺度控制、构架特征、构件样式、学宫建筑布局等几个方面,探讨了以朱舜水为代表性传播人物,明末清初的江浙营造文化与技术对日本的影响。在建筑的平面布局上,日本书院类建筑以重要建筑单体以及庙学轴线布局等方式学习中国庙学建筑。但后期日本书院类建筑发展则有选择性加以改良运用;在建筑构架上,以轩廊、蜀柱样式等细部展现出中国江浙地区的特色。这种影响正是一种典型的外来文化与本土文化融合的案例。建筑布局与样式易于学习,而技术和施工则倚重工匠较难改变。发展到一定时期,本土文化自觉则会从中发展出匹配自身建筑体系的方式并以此传承。The study examines the influence of Chinese architectural culture and technology on Japan in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties,represented by Zhu Shunshui,through a comparative approach of the architectural frameworks and layouts introduced by Zhu Shunshui’s Xue Gong Tu Shuo,in terms of scale control,framing features,component styles,and the layout of Xue Gong buildings.In terms of the plan layout of buildings,Japanese academy-type buildings studied Chinese academy-type architecture in the form of important individual building and the axis of the academy-type buildings’plans.However,the later development of Japanese academy architecture was selectively improved and applied;in terms of the architectural framework,the details such as the Xuan Lang,which represents corridor,and the Shu pillar style shows the characteristics of the Chinese Jiangsu and Zhejiang region,but the main core is still Japanese in style.This influence is a typical example of the fusion of foreign and Japanese cultures,where layout and style are easy to learn,while technology and construction are more difficult to change and relying much more on carpenters.At a certain point in its development,the local culture became self-conscious and developed a style laid upon its own architectural system and passing it on in this way.

关 键 词：《学宫图说》 轩 庙学 平面布局 

分 类 号：TU092[建筑科学]