大型永磁同步电机内外双循环强化散热性能模拟  

Simulation of Enhanced Heat Dissipation Performance of Large Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor with Internal and External Double Cycles

作　　者：彭德其[1] 曾航 张治坤[2] 殷伟 晏才松 李广 谭卓伟 张建平[1] PENG Deqi;ZENG Hang;ZHANG Zhikun;YIN Wei;YAN Caisong;LI Guang;TAN Zhuowei;ZHANG Jianping(School of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics,Xiangtan University,Xiangtan 411105,China;Hunan Chemical Vocational Technology College,Zhuzhou 412000,China;CRRC Zhuzhou Electric Co.,Ltd.,Zhuzhou 412001,China)

机构地区：[1]湘潭大学机械工程与力学学院,湖南湘潭411105 [2]湖南化工职业技术学院,湖南株洲412000 [3]中车株洲电力机车有限公司,湖南株洲412000

出　　处：《湖南大学学报（自然科学版）》2024年第6期195-203,共9页Journal of Hunan University:Natural Sciences

基　　金：湖南省战略性新兴产业项目(2019GK4021)。

摘　　要：针对高铁大型永磁同步牵引电机转子区域散热困难、内部温升分布不均匀的问题,在机壳水冷电机结构基础上的定子铁芯外表面处增设轴向矩形风道,并结合气隙、转子减重孔形成内外双循环散热结构,探究降低定子、绕组部位温升和提升电机内部散热均匀性的影响规律.首先通过Ansoft Maxwell平台仿真得到双循环散热结构在额定工况下各部件损耗值,同时为了更好模拟转子旋转带动气隙中的空气流动,对气隙进行分层处理,采用流-固耦合的有限元分析法模拟研究单、双循环散热结构下电机内部空气流动特性以及温升规律.结果表明,内循环风冷结构使电机内部空气流速显著提高,表面平均换热系数也显著提升,转子区域的热量会随着空气的流动更多地传给温度相对较低的定子区域及机壳,同时减少热量向转子部位传递,从而使转子和永磁体的温升降低.在此基础上,采用正交分析法对矩形通风孔的截面积、数量、高宽比进行结构参数优化,并采用温升分布均匀性系数对电机进行温升评价,得到最优方案下电机最高温升相比单循环散热结构降低12.1K,电机整体温升分布均匀性提升16.54%.As for the problems of the difficulty of heat dissipation and uneven temperature distribution in the rotor area of large-scale permanent magnet synchronous traction motors for high-speed trains,a novel cooling structure is proposed,which involves adding axial rectangular air passages on the outer surface of the stator core of the water-cooled motor housing,and forms an internal and external dual-cycle cooling structure in conjunction with the air gap and rotor lightweight holes.The purpose is to investigate the impact low of reducing the temperature rise in the stator and winding areas and improving the uniformity of internal motor cooling.Firstly,simulations are conducted using the Ansoft Maxwell platform to obtain the losses of various components in the dual-cycle cooling structure under rated operating conditions.To better simulate the airflow in the air gap driven by the rotation of the rotor,the air gap is treated in layers,and a fluid-structure coupled finite element analysis method is used to study the airflow characteristics and temperature rise patterns inside the motor under both single and dual-cycle cooling structures.The results indicate that the internal circulation air-cooling structure significantly increases the airflow velocity inside the motor and markedly improves the average heat transfer coefficient on the surface.As a result,more heat in the rotor area is transferred to the relatively lower temperature stator area and housing,while reducing the heat transferred to the rotor,thereby reducing the temperature rise of the rotor and permanent magnets.Furthermore,the orthogonal analysis method is used to optimize the structural parameters of the rectangular ventilation holes,including the cross-sectional area,quantity,and aspect ratio.The temperature rise uniformity coefficient is used to evaluate the temperature rise of the motor,and the optimal solution results in a 12.1 K reduction in the maximum temperature rise when compared to the single-cycle cooling structure and a 16.54%improvement in th

关 键 词：永磁同步电机 流固耦合 强化散热 流体场 温度场 风道 

分 类 号：U264.5[机械工程—车辆工程]