茫荡山杉木天然种群结构与生态位特征  

Population structure and ecological niche characteristics of natural Chinese fir forests in Mangdang Mountain

作　　者：朱嘉宁 张云鹏 周柏屹 刘爱琴[1,2] 吴鹏飞 马祥庆[1,2] ZHU Jianing;ZHANG Yunpeng;ZHOU Baiyi;LIU Aiqin;WU Pengfei;MA Xiangqing(College of Forestry,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,Fuzhou,Fujian 350002,China;Chinese Fir Engineering Technology Research Center,National Forestry and Grassland Administration,Fuzhou,Fujian 350002,China;Fuzhou Taijiang District Financial Investment Appraisal Centre,Fuzhou,Fujian 350004,China)

机构地区：[1]福建农林大学林学院,福建福州350002 [2]国家林业和草原局杉木工程技术研究中心,福建福州350002 [3]福州市台江区财政投资评审中心,福建福州350004

出　　处：《福建农林大学学报（自然科学版）》2024年第4期474-482,共9页Journal of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University:Natural Science Edition

基　　金：国家重点研发项目(2021YFD2201302)。

摘　　要：【目的】了解杉木在天然林中的种群结构及其生态位特征,为杉木近自然经营提供依据。【方法】以茫荡山国家级自然保护区内有杉木分布的天然林为研究对象,设立3200 m^(2)的样地,进行样地内乔木、灌木及草本种类和数量的全面调查,绘制杉木种群径级结构,计算种群结构动态变化指数,编制静态生命表,对2、4、6、8个龄级时间后的杉木种群进行时间序列预测,计算生态位宽度及杉木与其他物种的生态位重叠指数。【结果】杉木天然种群幼苗能够正常更新,但Ⅱ、Ⅲ龄级个体数量较少。随着龄级的增加,杉木种群的个体数量先增加后减少,年龄结构呈纺锤型分布,总体呈现衰退趋势。杉木种群中死亡率为负的龄级较多,整体表现出波动趋势。杉木种群的生命期望随龄级增加呈下降趋势。经过2、4、6、8个龄级时间后,杉木种群中小龄级个体数量略微下降,大龄级个体数量略微增加。杉木种群的相对优势度、相对密度、相对频度和重要值均处于群落前列,属群落建群种。不同杉木种群的生态位宽度值较大,与其他物种的生态位重叠指数也较高,说明其对环境资源的竞争激烈。【结论】在茫荡山天然林中,杉木幼苗能够正常更新,但存活率较低。杉木对群落环境资源的利用并没有明显的优势,杉木种群总体呈衰退趋势。【Objective】The population structure and niche characteristics of natural Chinese fir forests were investigated to provide scientific basis for near-natural management of Chinese fir.【Method】A complete survey on the species and quantity of trees,shrubs and herbs were conducted in a 3200 m^(2)sample plot established in natural forests with the distribution of Chinese fir in Mangdang Mountain National Nature Reserve,and the diameter class structure,dynamic change index of the population structure,static life table,time series prediction of Chinese fir population after 2,4,6 and 8 years old,and the niche breadth and niche overlap index of Chinese fir and other species were calculated to elaborate the population structure and niche characteristics of natural Chinese fir population.【Result】The seedlings of the natural Chinese fir population can be regenerated regularly,but the number of individuals in age classes ofⅡandⅢwas small.With the increase of age class,the individual number of Chinese fir population increased first and then decreased,featured by a spindle-shaped age structure and a generally declining trend.The mortality of many age classes was negative,with the population showing a fluctuating trend.The life expectancy of the natural Chinese fir population decreased with age class;after age classes of 2,4,6,8,the number of small and medium-aged individuals decreased slightly,while the number of large-aged individuals increased slightly.The relative dominance,relative density,relative frequency and important value of the natural Chinese fir population were in the top ranks in the community,playing the role of constructive species.Referring to large niche breadth values of different populations,and high niche overlap index between Chinese fir and other species,it was considered fierce competition for environmental resources within the natural forests.【Conclusion】The seedlings in the natural Chinese fir forests in Mangdang Mountain can be regenerated normally though the survival rate was low.T

关 键 词：杉木 种群结构 静态生命表 时间序列预测 生态位特征 

分 类 号：S791.27[农业科学—林木遗传育种]