中国沙棘根际固氮菌的分离、鉴定及促生能力比较  

Isolation,identification and growth-promoting ability of azotobacter in rhizosphere of Hippophae rhamnoides subsp.sinensis Rousi

作　　者：高佩 马亚琼 何永超 王彬贤 马玉花[1] GAO Pei;MA Yaqiong;HE Yongchao;WANG Binxian;MA Yuhua(College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry,Qinghai University;College of Animal Science and Veterinary Science,Qinghai University,Xining,Qinghai 810016,China)

机构地区：[1]青海大学农牧学院 [2]青海大学畜牧兽医科学院,青海西宁810016

出　　处：《福建农林大学学报（自然科学版）》2024年第4期522-531,共10页Journal of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University:Natural Science Edition

摘　　要：【目的】对青海野生中国沙棘根际固氮菌进行分离、鉴定及促生能力比较,为挖掘具有潜在应用价值的根际促生菌提供依据。【方法】利用纯化培养方法从中国沙棘根际土中分离固氮菌;通过形态观察、生理生化检测和16S rDNA序列比对鉴定菌株;对固氮菌的解有机磷、解无机磷、解钾、固氮、种子萌发的能力进行测定;将固氮菌接种空心菜幼苗以验证其促生效果。【结果】鉴定出1株哈夫尼菌(N5)、1株不动杆菌(N6)、4株沙雷氏菌(N1、N2、N3、N4)。培养7 d后,6株固氮菌固氮透明圈直径与菌落直径的比值(D/d)为1.23~1.83,N3的D/d最大,较N5提高48.8%;培养3 d后,6株固氮菌溶解有机磷圈直径为6.43~9.65 mm,溶解无机磷圈直径为3.13~5.50 mm,解钾圈直径为8.18~22.17 mm。平板促生试验结果表明,固氮菌可提高空心菜种子萌芽率,并且可显著促进空心菜生长发育。其中,菌株N3和N6促生效果显著,其鲜质量分别为0.24 g和0.26 g,较对照组(CK)增加了33.3%和44.4%。【结论】固氮菌N3和N6分别为沙雷氏菌和不动杆菌,具有较强的解磷、解钾、固氮能力,且均能提高空心菜种子发芽率,促进空心菜幼苗生长发育。【Objective】The nitrogen-fixing bacteria in the rhizosphere of wild Chinese seabuckthorn(Hippophae rhamnoides subsp.sinensis Rousi)grown in Qinghai Province were isolated,identified and their promoting growth ability was compared,providing a basis for exploring potential application value of rhizosphere promoting growth strains.【Method】Nitrogen-fixing bacteria were isolated from rhizosphere soil of H.rhamnoides in China by purification and culture.The strain was identified by morphological observation,physiological and biochemical detection and 16S rDNA sequence comparison.The ability of nitrogen-fixing bacteria to dissolve organic phosphorus,inorganic phosphorus,potassium,nitrogen fixation and seed germination were determined.Lastly,the nitrogen-fixing bacteria were inoculated into water spinach seedlings to evaluate its growth-promoting effect.【Result】After the isolation and purification,1 Hafniella strain(N5),1 Acinetobacter strain(N6)and 4 Serratia strains(N1,N2,N3 and N4)were identified,with the ratio of transparent circle diameter to colony diameter(D/d)ranging at 1.23-1.83 after the 7-day culture;N3 had the greatest D/d,significantly increased by 48.8%compared with N5.After cultured for 3 days,the dissolution zones of organophosphorus,inorganic phosphorus and potassium of the 6 strains averaged at 6.43-9.65,3.13-5.50 mm and 8.18-22.17 mm,respectively.Plate culture further demonstrated that azotobacter could lift the germination rates of water spinach seeds,and significantly boosted their growth and development.Strain N5 and N6 exerted the most significant growth-promoting effect,which resulted in the highest fresh weights of water spinach at 0.24 and 0.26 g,up by 33.3%and 44.4%,respectively compared with that of CK.【Conclusion】Azotobacter screened from H.rhamnoides rhizosphere in Qinghai all improved the seed germination rates and development of water spinach to some extents by comprehensive evaluation,among which N3 and N6 had the highest growth-promoting ability.

关 键 词：中国沙棘 土壤微生物 沙雷氏菌 根际促生菌 固氮能力 

分 类 号：S759[农业科学—森林经理学] S714.6[农业科学—林学]