青藏高原东北坡蚂蚁多样性  

Ant species diversity on northeast slope of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau

作　　者：杨林[1,2] 熊忠平 徐正会[1] 刘霞[1] 钱昱含[1] 祁彪 钱怡顺 陈超 郭宁妍 YANG Lin;XIONG Zhongping;XU Zhenghui;LIU Xia;QIAN Yuhan;QI Biao;QIAN Yishun;CHEN Chao;GUO Ningyan(College of Biodiversity Conservation/Key Laboratory of Forest Disaster Warning and Control in Yunnan Province,Southwest Forestry University,Kunming,Yunnan 650224,China;College of Plant Protection,Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming,Yunnan 650201,China;Dongmen State-owned Forest Farm of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region,Fusui,Guangxi 532108,China;Natural History Museum of Zoology,Kunming Institute of Zoology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Kunming,Yunnan 650221,China)

机构地区：[1]西南林业大学生物多样性保护学院/云南省森林灾害预警与控制重点实验室,云南昆明650224 [2]云南农业大学植物保护学院,云南昆明650201 [3]广西壮族自治区国有东门林场,广西扶绥532108 [4]中国科学院昆明动物研究所动物博物馆,云南昆明650221

出　　处：《福建农林大学学报（自然科学版）》2024年第4期532-540,共9页Journal of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University:Natural Science Edition

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31860615、31860166);国家自然科学基金委员会应急管理项目(31750002)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究青藏高原东北坡不同海拔和植被类型下蚂蚁多样性,为该区生态恢复和物种多样性保护提供参考。【方法】采用样地调查法获取研究数据和蚂蚁标本,利用R语言4.1.1绘制物种累积曲线并计算α多样性指数和Jaccard相似性系数,用SPSS 24.0分析蚂蚁多样性指数与生境因子间的相关性。【结果】共观察蚂蚁23800头,鉴定为30种,隶属于2亚科13属。其中,优势种为草地铺道蚁[Tetramorium caespitum(Linnaeus)]和光亮黑蚁(Formica candida Smith)。在5个垂直带中,柳梢沟垂直带物种数最多(24种),物种多样性指数(2.4359)和均匀度指数(0.7665)最大,而优势度指数最小(0.1237);巴颜喀拉山垂直带物种数最少(2种),物种多样性指数(0.0099)和均匀度指数(0.0143)最小,优势度指数最大(0.9974)。各垂直带蚂蚁类群间的相似性系数为0.0000~0.5000,处于极不相似至中等相似水平。相关性分析发现,物种多样性指数与海拔呈极显著负相关,与坡度和灌木盖度呈显著正相关。【结论】青藏高原东北坡蚂蚁多样性主要与海拔、坡度和灌木盖度等生境因素有关。高海拔地区气候严寒,植被单一,不适合多数物种栖息;海拔高差大的垂直带环境温度范围较大,植被类型较丰富,适合更多的蚂蚁物种生存。各垂直带蚂蚁类群间的分化较显著,不同地段的类群能反映不同生境状况。【Objective】Species diversity of ants under different altitudes and vegetation types on the northeast slope of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau were investigated,so as to provide reference for ecological restoration and species diversity protection in the area.【Method】After obtaining data and ant specimens by plot-sampling method,the plotting of species accumulation curves by R language 4.1.1,and calculation ofαdiversity indexes and Jaccard similarity coefficient were performed,followed by the correlation analysis between ant diversity indexes and habitat factors by SPSS 24.0.【Result】A total of 23800 ant individuals were observed,belonging to 2 subfamilies,13 genera,and 30 species of Formicidae,among which the dominant species were Tetramorium caespitum(Linnaeus)and Formica candida Smith.Among the 5 vertical zones,the species number within Liushaogou vertical zone was the richest(24 species),accompanied by the greatest species diversity index(2.4359)and evenness index(0.7665),and the smallest dominant index(0.1237).On the contrary,Bayan Har Mountain vertical zone had the smallest species number(2 species),lowest species diversity index(0.0099)and evenness index(0.0143)whilst the highest dominant index(0.9974).The similarity coefficients between ant communities in different vertical zones were between 0.0000 and 0.5000,representing extremely dissimilar to medium similar level.Correlation analysis showed that the species diversity index was significantly negatively correlated with altitude while positively correlated with slope gradient and shrub coverage.【Conclusion】The ant species diversity on the northeast slope of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau is mainly related to habitat factors such as altitude,slope degree and shrub coverage.Due to cold climate and simple vegetation coverage,the high-altitude area is unsuitable for most ant species to inhabit;while the vertical zone with a wider range of altitudes is more habitable to more ant species due to its broader range of habitat temperatures and richer vegetation type

关 键 词：蚁科 物种 生物多样性 类群 相似性 垂直带 

分 类 号：S718.7[农业科学—林学]