高水平对外开放背景下中国环境产品进口的环境效应研究  

Research on the Environmental Effects of China’s Environmental Goods Import Under the Background of High-Level Opening-Up

作　　者：唐克 李杨[3] TANG Ke;LI Yang(School of Economics,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China;School of International Business and Economics,Zhengzhou 450016,China;China Institute for WTO Studies,University of International Business and Economics,Beijing 100029,China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学经济学院,北京100871 [2]河南财经政法大学国际经济与贸易学院,河南郑州450016 [3]对外经济贸易大学中国世界贸易组织研究院,北京100029

出　　处：《河海大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2024年第3期131-146,共16页Journal of Hohai University：Philosophy and Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(23BGJ032);教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目(18YJC790228)。

摘　　要：高水平对外开放背景下发展绿色贸易是我国经济转型升级和实现高质量发展的必然选择。作为绿色贸易的代表,环境产品贸易自由化作为实现可持续发展的重要路径已得到世界各国的普遍共识。我国作为世界贸易组织(World Trade Organization,WTO)主要成员,全程参与了《环境产品协定》谈判并积极发展环境产品进口贸易,环境产品进口呈现规模先增后减、结构不平衡、市场相对固定等特点。结合Grossman和Krueger的贸易与环境经典理论以及Antweiler等的一般均衡模型,从理论层面阐释环境产品进口影响企业污染排放的机制,并选取我国微观企业的面板数据,从实证层面考察环境产品进口的环境效应。研究发现:一是环境产品进口可以降低企业污染排放,进一步的机制检验结果表明,环境产品进口的规模效应增加了企业烟粉尘排放量,而技术效应降低了烟粉尘排放量,结构效应不显著。二是在环境产品细分中,资源管理类产品和清洁技术与产品的进口对企业烟粉尘排放量的减少作用明显,而污染管理类产品对于环境改善作用不显著。三是环境产品进口额的增加对国有企业、外资企业以及高污染行业烟粉尘排放量有明显的抑制作用,而对民营企业和非高污染行业没有显著影响。鉴于此,建议建设国际高标准经贸规则和制度体系;坚持高水平“引进来”,实施进口差异化战略;发挥好对外开放中政府与市场的作用,加快培育企业绿色技术创新能力;打造国际一流水平的营商环境;实施高质量发展战略推进贸易强国建设。Developing green trade under the background of high-level opening-up is an inevitable choice for China’s economic transformation and upgrading,as well as achieving high-quality development.As a representative of green trade,the liberalization of environmental goods trade as an important path to achieve sustainable development has been widely recognized by countries around the world.As a major member of the World Trade Organization(WTO),China has fully participated in the negotiations of the Environmental Goods Agreement of WTO and actively developed the import trade of environmental goods.The import of environmental goods in China shows characteristics of first increasing in scale and then decreasing,imbalanced structure,and relatively fixed market.Combining Grossman and Krueger’s classic theories on trade and environment,as well as Antweiler’s general equilibrium model,this study theoretically explains the mechanism by which environmental goods import affects corporate pollution emissions.Panel data from micro enterprises in China are selected to empirically examine the environmental effects of environmental goods import.Research has found that firstly,importing environmental goods can reduce corporate pollution emissions.Further mechanism testing results indicate that the scale effect of environmental good imports increases the smoke and dust emissions of enterprises,while the technical effect reduces the smoke and dust emissions,and the composition effect is not significant.Secondly,in the subdivision of environmental goods,the import of resource management goods and clean technologies and goods has a significant effect on reducing enterprise smoke and dust emissions,while pollution management goods have no significant effect on environmental improvement.Thirdly,the increase in the import volume of environmental goods has a significant inhibitory effect on the emission of smoke and dust in state-owned enterprises,foreign-funded enterprises and high-polluting industries,while it has no significant effect

关 键 词：高水平对外开放 绿色技术 营商环境 贸易强国 环境产品 进口效应 烟粉尘排放量 

分 类 号：F743[经济管理—国际贸易]