立法主体宪法说理义务的法律化  

The Legalization of Legislative Subject's Constitutional Reasoning Obligation

作　　者：任喜荣 Ren Xirong

机构地区：[1]吉林大学理论法学研究中心、法学院

出　　处：《中国法学》2024年第3期5-22,共18页China Legal Science

基　　金：2022年度国家社科基金重点项目“合宪性审查机关的宪法说理研究”(项目批准号:22AFX006)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：基于主权者意志的最高性和法治秩序统一性的要求,立法机关有义务阐明其立法的合宪性,从而同时在实质上和形式上发挥民意代表机关维护人民主权的功能。2023年《立法法》修改后,以立法主体宪法说理义务的法律化作为制度发展的牵引性力量,将引领宪法实施制度的全面发展,包括对立法诸环节的“全过程”控制(即立法的事前、事中、事后控制),以及立法内容的内在控制(即立法说理结构由合理性到合宪性的“全领域”控制)。我国的合宪性审查实践正在通过对宪法监督的功能性职权分工、对具体审查的兼容、强民主程序的保障,回应对“代议机关监督模式”的质疑,其中所蕴含的理论规律无疑会为世界范围内的宪法监督模式理论提供新的理论资源,为构建中国宪法学自主知识体系提供学理支撑。Based on the supreme will of the sovereign and the requirements of the consistency of the legal order,the legislature has the obligation to clarify the constitutionality of its legislation,so as to play the function of the representative organ to safeguard the people's sovereignty in both substance and form.After the latest revision of the Legislation Law in 2023,the legalization of the legislative subject's constitutional reasoning obligation will serve as a driving force for the comprehensive development of the constitution implementation system.It includes the‘whole-process'control of the legislation(the control before,during and after the legislation),and the internal control of the legislative content(the‘whole-field'control of the legislative reasoning structure from rationality to constitutionality).China's constitutionality review practice is responding to the question of the'representative supervision model'through functional division of powers,compatibility with specific reviews,and‘strong'democratic procedures.The theoretical principles embedded within this mechanism will provide new thoughts for the study of the constitutional supervision model in the world,and provide theoretical support for the construction of an independent knowledge system of Chinese constitutional law.

关 键 词：立法 宪法说理 合宪性审查 宪法监督 全过程人民民主 

分 类 号：D921[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]