合宪性审查中的宪法精神  

Constitutional Ethos in China's Constitutionality Review

作　　者：左亦鲁 Zuo Yilu

机构地区：[1]北京大学法学院

出　　处：《中国法学》2024年第3期23-41,共19页China Legal Science

基　　金：2021年度国家社科基金重大项目“社会信用体系的法律保障机制研究”(项目批准号:21&ZD199)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：宪法精神已经成为我国法律上的一个正式概念和审查标准。对宪法精神有三种不同的理解,分别是尊重宪法的意识、宪法的宗旨以及与宪法规定、宪法原则并列的宪法精神,其中只有第三种理解属于合宪性审查中具体、规范的宪法精神。全国人大及其常委会目前主要是在“弘扬”“符合”“宪法规定、宪法原则”和“受人民监督”等表述和语境中使用宪法精神,此外还曾在一些具体个案中间接处理宪法精神,这都为最终确定宪法精神的内容提供了有益参考。在推进合宪性审查的实践中,适用宪法精神应注意平衡稳定性与开放性、确保体系性与序列性以及坚持唯一性与激励性。The constitutional ethos is becoming a formal concept and a review standard in China's law.There are currently three major understandings,referring respectively to the consciousness of respecting the Constitution,the purpose of the Constitution,and the constitutional ethos as parallel to constitutional provisions and principles.Only the third understanding belongs to the specific and normative constitutional ethos in constitutionality review.The NPC and its Standing Committee as well as its working bodies have mainly used the term in the context of'promotion',‘compliance',‘constitutional provisions and constitutional principles',and‘being subject to people's supervision'.They have also indirectly dealt with the constitutional ethos in some specific cases,all these contexts and cases provide useful references for ultimately determining the content of the constitutional ethos.In future practices,the application of the constitutional ethos should pay attention to balancing stability and openness,ensuring systemness and sequentiality,and adhering to uniqueness and creating enthusiasm.

关 键 词：宪法精神 宪法原则 合宪性审查 宪法实施 

分 类 号：D921[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]