法律方法的体系构造  

System Construction of Legal Methods

作　　者：黄泽敏 Huang Zemin

机构地区：[1]上海财经大学法学院

出　　处：《中国法学》2024年第3期204-223,共20页China Legal Science

摘　　要：法律方法的理论和实践需要回应一个自身的体系构造问题。通过对经典体系的完备性审查发现,经典体系在合乎理性之方式和结论的正确性议题上存在体系困境,以致其既无法满足体系的可靠性要求又无法满足体系的完全性要求。面对困境,摆脱它们的有效方式是重构法律适用的逻辑模式和体系性引入类案比照方法。法律适用的逻辑模式在区分逻辑和理性的形式与非形式的基础之上,被重构为以递归四段论为中心的非形式逻辑模式,从而取代单一的演绎三段论模式,并为此确立了一条体系原则P,以防止形式理性和非理性因素的不当介入。类案比照方法被定位为控制法律解释和法律续造的一种相对独立且必要之方法,以维系结论的弱预测,并且在区分有规则案例和无规则案例的基础之上为其体系性引入确立了一条体系规则R1,以展示法律解释方法、法律续造方法和类案比照方法之间的体系位阶关联,进而与非形式逻辑模式相结合,形成了一个完备的法律方法体系。The theory and practice of legal methods need to answer a question of their own system construction.Through the examination of the classical system,it has been found that there are two system predicaments in the rational way and the correctness of conclusions.Therefore,the classical system cannot meet both reliability and completeness requirements.In this regard,the effective way to overcome these difficulties is to reconstruct the logical mode of legal application and systematically introduce the comparative case method.First,the logical pattern applicable to law has been reconstructed into an informal logical pattern centered on the recursive four-paragraph theory,based on distinguishing between formal and informal logic and rationality.This replaces the single deductive syllogism pattern and establishes a systematic principle P to prevent the improper intervention of formal rationality and irrational factors.And then,the comparative case method is positioned as a relatively independent and necessary method to control legal interpretation and judicial law-making,in order to maintain weak predictions of conclusions.Based on distinguishing cases into rule-based and ruleless cases,a systematic rule R1 is established to demonstrate the hierarchical relationship between legal interpretation methods,judicial law-making methods,and comparative case methods,and eventually combined with informal logical patterns to form a complete legal method system.

关 键 词：法律方法 经典体系 逻辑模式 类案比照 法律适用 

分 类 号：D90[政治法律—法学理论]