河西灌区不同农作模式对玉米光合作用、叶片结构及产量的影响  

Effects of Different Cropping Patterns on Photosynthesis,Leaf Structure and Yield of Maize in Hexi Irrigation Area

作　　者：姜晓敏 杨彩红[1] 崔文强 田琨 JIANG Xiaomin;YANG Caihong;CUI Wenqiang;TIAN Kun(College of Forestry,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学林学院,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《华北农学报》2024年第3期124-134,共11页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41561062);甘肃农业大学青年导师基金项目(GAU-QDFC-2021-12)。

摘　　要：探究不同农作模式对玉米生长发育、光合作用、叶片结构及产量的影响,为优化河西绿洲灌区耕作栽培措施和创建玉米高效种植模式提供理论依据。试验设置免耕(NT)与传统翻耕(CT)2种耕作方式,小麦玉米间作(W/M)、麦后插播冬油菜玉米轮作(W-G→M)、小麦玉米轮作(W-M)3种种植模式,共6个处理。结果表明,与CT相比,NT玉米株高、茎粗和叶面积分别增加6.83%,4.10%,3.97%,间作玉米干物质量高于轮作但差异不显著;叶片色素随生育期呈先增后减的趋势,表现为NT叶绿素a、b与类胡萝卜素较CT分别高11.93%,22.41%,13.43%,且差异显著;NT叶片净光合速率(Pn)与胞间CO_(2)浓度(Ci)较CT分别高9.17%,3.81%,CT处理气孔导度(Gs)和蒸腾速率(Tr)较NT分别高9.95%,1.48%;NT玉米叶片结构较优,叶肉细胞多且排列有序,维管束清晰可见,花环结构较大,栅栏组织与海绵组织丰富,NT叶片较CT厚2.51%,且差异显著;NT玉米较CT增产8.02%,间作产量收益大于轮作(LER>1)。研究发现,免耕玉米生长发育、叶片结构及产量均优于传统耕作,间作比轮作更有利于增产,故可将免耕小麦间作玉米作为该区主要的农作模式进行推广。To explore the effects of different farming modes on the growth and development,photosynthesis,leaf structure and yield of maize,and to provide a theoretical basis for optimizing the cultivation measures and creating efficient planting patterns of maize in Hexi oasis irrigation area.Two tillage methods,no-tillage(NT)and conventional tillage(CT),and three planting patterns,wheat-maize intercropping(W/M),winter rapeseed-maize rotation after wheat(W-G→M),and wheat-maize rotation(W-M),were set up in the experiment,with a total of 6 treatments.The results showed that compared with CT,the plant height,stem diameter and leaf area of NT maize increased by 6.83%,4.10%and 3.97%,respectively.The dry matter quality of intercropping maize was higher than that of rotation,but the difference was not significant.The leaf pigments increased first and then decreased with the growth period,which showed that NT chlorophyll a,b and carotenoids were 11.93%,22.41%and 13.43%higher than CT,respectively,and the difference was significant.The net photosynthetic rate(Pn)and intercellular CO_(2) concentration(Ci)of NT leaves were 9.17%and 3.81%higher than those of CT.The stomatal conductance(Gs)and transpiration rate(Tr)of CT treatment were 9.95%and 1.48%higher than those of NT.The leaf structure of NT maize was better,the mesophyll cells were more and arranged in order,the vascular bundles were clearly visible,the garland structure was larger,the palisade tissue and sponge tissue were rich,and the leaf thickness of NT was 2.51%thicker than that of CT,and the difference was significant.The yield of NT maize increased by 8.02%compared with CT,and the yield benefit of intercropping was greater than that of rotation(LER>1).This study found that the growth and development,leaf structure and yield of no-tillage maize were better than those of traditional tillage,and wheat intercropping maize could be promoted as the main farming mode in this area.

关 键 词：玉米 免耕 间作 光合作用 叶片结构 产量 

分 类 号：S513.01[农业科学—作物学]