不同耕作及秸秆还田方式对土壤养分及微生物生物量碳氮的影响  

Effects of Different Tillage and Straw Returning Methods on Soil Nutrients and Microbial Biomass Carbon and Nitrogen

作　　者：杨冰 孟祥海[1] 王佰成[1] 王文慧 时新瑞[1] 徐德海[1] 张帅[1] 张星哲[1] YANG Bing;MENG Xianghai;WANG Baicheng;WANG Wenhui;SHI Xinrui;XU Dehai;ZHANG Shuai;ZHANG Xingzhe(Mudanjiang Branch,Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Mudanjiang 157020,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省农业科学院牡丹江分院,黑龙江牡丹江157020

出　　处：《黑龙江农业科学》2024年第7期24-29,共6页Heilongjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：黑龙江省农业科技创新跨越工程农业基础数据监测项目(CX23JC01)。

摘　　要：为促进作物稳产增产,采用田间定位试验,研究不同耕作[免耕(NT)、浅耕(ST)、深耕(DT)]及秸秆还田方式[秸秆还田(-T)、秸秆离田]下,黑土区土壤剖面(0~10 cm、10~20 cm、20~30 cm、30~40 cm)养分及微生物量碳、微生物量氮的变化。结果表明,不同耕作方式处理的土壤理化性质存在显著差异,在各耕层中土壤有机质含量最高的处理依次为NT-T、DT、ST-T和DT;全氮含量最高的处理依次为ST-T、DT、NT-T和NT-T;速效氮含量最高的处理依次为DT-T、DT-T、DT和NT;土壤各耕层pH均为ST处理最高;土壤含水率在0~10 cm土层中NT-T处理最高,其他土层中均为ST-T处理显著高于其他处理;土壤微生物生物量碳、氮含量均表现为ST-T处理最高。不同的耕作方式下,土壤有机质、速效氮、含水率在秸秆还田方式下表现最高;而土壤微生物生物量碳氮含量无论在秸秆是否还田下,浅耕和深耕的方式均优于免耕。In order to promote stable and increased crop yields,field positioning experiments were conducted to study the changes in nutrients,microbial biomass carbon,and microbial biomass nitrogen in soil profiles(0-10 cm,10-20 cm,20-30 cm,30-40 cm)of black soil areas under different tillage methods[no tillage(NT),shallow tillage(ST),deep tillage(DT)]and straw return(straw return,straw removal).The results showed that there were significant differences in soil physical and chemical properties among different cultivation methods.The treatment with the highest soil organic matter content in each cultivation layer was NT-T,DT,ST-T,DT in sequence;The treatment with the highest total nitrogen content was ST-T,DT,NT-T,and NT-T in sequence;The treatments with the highest content of available nitrogen were DT-T,DT-T,DT,and NT in sequence;The soil pH was highest in all cultivation layers under ST treatment;The soil moisture content of NT-T treatment in 0-10 cm soil profiles was highest,and in other soil profiles under ST-T treatment was significantly higher than other treatments;Soil microbial biomass carbon and microbial biomass nitrogen,with ST-T treatment being the highest.Under different cultivation methods,soil organic matter,available nitrogen,and moisture content showed the highest performance under straw returning method;Regardless of whether straw is returned to the field or not,both shallow and deep tillage methods are superior to no tillage in terms of soil biomass carbon and nitrogen.

关 键 词：耕作方式 秸秆还田 不同耕层 土壤养分 微生物生物量碳 微生物生物量氮 

分 类 号：S158[农业科学—土壤学]