施用猪场肥水对玉米农艺性状、产量及土壤化学性质和重金属含量的影响  

Effects of Applying Swine Effluent on Agronomic Traits and Yield of Maize,Soil Chemical Properties and Heavy Metal Contents

作　　者：黄镇 张卓毅 蓝碧浩 张建淼 王倩 陈宜军 HUANG Zhen;ZHANG Zhuoyi;LAN Bihao;ZHANG Jianmiao;WANG Qian;CHEN Yijun(Beijing General Station of Animal Husbandry,Beijing 100107,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市畜牧总站,北京100107

出　　处：《黑龙江农业科学》2024年第7期29-35,共7页Heilongjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：综合保障项目-畜禽养殖环染治理技术测试与分析(11000024Y000002690526)。

摘　　要：为有效解决猪场肥水排放所引发的环境问题,将猪场肥水作为追肥施用于农田,通过田间小区试验分析不同猪场肥水施用量(按氮素计)下玉米农艺性状、产量、土壤化学性质和重金属含量的变化,研究猪场肥水替代矿物氮肥还田利用效果与最适宜施用量。试验设计4个处理,对照组(CK)[施用1倍氮需求量的化肥(氮施用量153.1 kg·hm^(-2))]、处理1(T1)[施用1倍氮需求量的肥水(氮施用量153.1 kg·hm^(-2))];处理2(T2)[施用1.2倍氮需求量的肥水(氮施用量183.7 kg·hm^(-2))];处理3(T3)[施用1.5倍氮需求量的肥水(氮施用量229.7 kg·hm^(-2))];处理4(T4)[施用2倍氮需求量的肥水(氮施用量306.2 kg·hm^(-2))]。结果表明,相较于对照组(CK),T3、T4组玉米在穗轴粗、行粒数、百粒重指标上显著增加(P<0.05),T3组最高,为50.23 mm、38.21粒和37.18 g;T3处理组产量为9628.88 kg·hm^(-2),比对照组提升4.63%,增产效果显著(P<0.05)。施用猪场肥水显著提升了土壤中有机质含量和全氮含量(P<0.05),处理组有机质含量在17.50~18.11 g·kg^(-1),全氮含量在1.02~1.54 g·kg^(-1);与种植前相比,土壤中有机质含量提升3.16%~6.77%,全氮含量T3和T4提升13.74%~33.57%;各处理组土壤重金属含量差异不显著,且均未超出农用地土壤污染风险管控标准规定的限值。综合分析认为,当猪场肥水施用量(按氮素总量计)为需求量1.5倍时效果最好。In order to effectively solve the environmental problems caused by the discharge of swine effluent,this paper applied swine effluent as topdressing fertilizer to farmland.Through field plot experiments,the effect of different swine effluent application rates(calculated by nitrogen)on maize agronomic traits,yield,soil chemical properties,and heavy metal content were analyzed,the optimal application rate of swine effluent for irrigation was studied.Four treatments were designed,control group(CK):applying chemical fertilizer with 1 times nitrogen demand(nitrogen application rate of 153.1 kg·ha^(-1)),treatment 1(T1):applying swine effluent with 1 times nitrogen demand(nitrogen application rate of 153.1 kg·ha^(-1));treatment 2(T2):applying swine effluent with 1.2 times nitrogen demand(nitrogen application rate of 183.7 kg·ha^(-1));treatment 3(T3):applying swine effluent with 1.5 times nitrogen demand(nitrogen application rate of 229.7 kg·ha^(-1));treatment 4(T4):applying swine effluent with 2 times nitrogen demand(nitrogen application rate of 306.2 kg·ha^(-1)).The results showed that compared with the control group(CK),the thickness of maize cob diameter,row number per ear and 100-grain weight of maize in T3 and T4 groups increased significantly(P<0.05),the T3 group had the highest values of 50.23 mm,38.21 grains,and 37.18 g,respectively.The yield of the T3 group was 9628.88 kg·ha^(-1),which was 4.63%higher than the control group(CK),demonstrating significant productivity enhancement(P<0.05).Irrigation of swine effluent significantly improved the soil organic matter content and total nitrogen content(P<0.05).The organic matter content in the treatment group ranged from 17.50 to 18.11 g·kg^(-1),and the total nitrogen content ranged from 1.02 to 1.54 g·kg^(-1).Compared to pre-planting,the soil organic matter content increased by 3.16%to 6.77%,and the total nitrogen content increased by 13.74%to 33.57%.Heavy metal content in the soil did not significantly differ among treatment groups,and none exceeded the limit

关 键 词：猪场肥水 玉米 产量 土壤 重金属 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学] S141