大豆高产栽培技术研究进展及展望  

Research Progress and Prospects of High-Yield Cultivation Technology for Soybeans

作　　者：徐杰飞 郭泰[1] 王志新[1] 郑伟[1] 李灿东[1] 赵星棋 王象然 XU Jiefei;GUO Tai;WANG Zhixin;ZHENG Wei;LI Candong;ZHAO Xingqi;WANG Xiangran(Jiamusi Branch,Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Jiamusi Comprehensive Experiment Station of National Soybean Industry Technology System,Jiamusi 154007,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省农业科学院佳木斯分院/国家大豆产业技术体系佳木斯综合试验站,黑龙江佳木斯154007

出　　处：《黑龙江农业科学》2024年第7期108-113,共6页Heilongjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：黑龙江省揭榜挂帅项目(2021ZXJ05B02);农业生物育种重大项目(2023ZD0403103);黑龙江省属科研业务费项目“高油高产大豆新种质创制及育种利用”(CZKYF2021-2-C009);黑龙江省农业科技创新跨越工程农业科技基础创新杰青项目(CX22JQ02)。

摘　　要：我国大豆单产较美国有很大差距,为打破我国大豆生产的困境,提高单产是关键因素之一。本文对我国与美国典型高产大豆进行整理、比较、分析。发现美国大豆单产高于我国大豆单产的原因是大豆品种具有抗草甘膦、高耐密、抗病性好和适应性广等特性,且还具有自然地理条件优异、灌溉技术与管理和田间管理较好等优势。通过分析影响我国与美国大豆单产的原因,提出我国大豆品种育种的未来方向应该注重耐密性和抗草甘膦等。在大豆栽培技术,如在合理密植与施肥技术、科学灌溉与排水、病虫害综合防控、化学调控、农业机械化与智能化等方面应特别关注。未来大豆高产研究还应关注基因编辑技术的应用、精准农业与智慧农业的创新与应用,加强国际合作与交流,从而为我国大豆高产研究与单产的提升提供理论指导。There is a significant gap in soybean yield between China and the United States,and increasing yield is one of the key factors to break the difficulties in soybean production in China.This article summarized,compared,and analyzed typical high-yield soybeans in China and the United States.It was found that the reasons for the higher yield of American soybeans compared to Chinese soybeans were that soybean varieties had characteristics such as glyphosate resistance,high density tolerance,good disease resistance,and wide adaptability,excellent natural geographical conditions,good irrigation technology and management,and field management.By analyzing the reasons that affect the yield of soybean in China and the United States,it was proposed that the future direction of soybean breeding in China should focued on density tolerance and glyphosate resistance.Special attention should be paid to soybean cultivation techniques,such as reasonable planting and fertilization techniques,scientific irrigation and drainage,comprehensive pest and disease control,chemical regulation,agricultural mechanization and intelligence.Future research on soybean high-yield should also focus on the application of gene editing technology,innovation and application of precision agriculture and smart agriculture,strengthen international cooperation and exchange,and provide theoretical guidance for China's soybean high-yield research and yield improvement.

关 键 词：大豆 高产典型 抗草甘膦 耐密植 抗病性 适应性 

分 类 号：S565.1[农业科学—作物学]