地缘政治与战略资源产业链重构——以关键稀土矿产和材料为例  

Geopolitics and critical resource industrial chain restructuring:a study of rare earth minerals and materials

作　　者：杨丹辉[1,2] 高风平 刘思艺 弓宇峰 YANG Danhui;GAO Fengping;LIU Siyi;GONG Yufeng(Institute of Industrial Economics,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 100006,China;School of Applied Economics,University of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 102488,China;School of Economics and Management,Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology,Baotou Inner Mongolia 014010,China;Key Research Institute of Humanities and Social Sciences at Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,Baotou Inner Mongolia 014010,China;Key Laboratory of Green Extraction&Efficient Utilization of Light Rare‑Earth Resources(Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology),Ministry of Education,Baotou Inner Mongolia 014010,China;Law School,University of International Relations,Beijing 100091,China)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院工业经济研究所,北京100006 [2]中国社会科学院大学应用经济学院,北京102488 [3]内蒙古科技大学经济管理学院,内蒙古包头014010 [4]内蒙古自治区高等学校人文社会科学重点研究基地产业信息化与产业创新研究中心,内蒙古包头014010 [5]轻稀土资源绿色提取与高效利用教育部重点实验室(内蒙古科技大学),内蒙古包头014010 [6]国际关系学院法学院,北京100091

出　　处：《中国人口·资源与环境》2024年第5期19-33,共15页China Population,Resources and Environment

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“中国战略稀土产业绿色转型法律治理研究”(批准号:19BFX171);中国社会科学院长城学者计划(2024)“能源转型下关键矿产全球供求格局演变与中国关键矿产产业链安全研究”(批准号:2024CCXZ005);内蒙古自治区高等学校人文社会科学重点研究基地开放课题(批准号:KFSM-KDSK0203);内蒙古自治区高等学校青年科技英才支持计划资助(批准号:NJYT-20-A13);国家重点研发计划项目和内蒙古自治区科技重大专项“白云鄂稀土矿产资源基地固废循环利用集成示范”(批准号:2020YFC1909100,2021ZD0016)。

摘　　要：大国清洁能源转型尤其是快速扩张的电动汽车、风电等产业刺激了稀土等战略资源需求,稀土产业链成为中美地缘政治竞争的焦点领域。该研究基于法学和政治经济学的理论方法,从全球治理的经典范式出发,考察美国力推全球稀土产业链重构的深层动因及地缘政治影响,在美国地缘战略“产业链控制”与“联盟制华”两大特征下,揭示中美稀土产业链脱钩与全球“双链”格局、美国“三大法案”与清洁能源产业体系主导权、中美大国博弈与日本产业安全等重要政治经济关系之间的底层逻辑和战略呼应。研究发现:①在产业链控制方面,下游企业开展技术“去稀土化”与美西方“去中国化”的产业链布局导向相互加持,共同推动形成全球战略资源“双链”格局;②在与盟国联合制华方面,美国要求日本等盟国分担与中国地缘竞争的“缔盟”责任,而日本出于自身利益高度介入全球稀土产业链重构,由高度依赖中国稀土进口转向深度参与美国主导的全球稀土产业链;③美国出台“三大法案”是其一贯以国内法塑造地缘关系又一力证,背后的深层动机在于通过重塑战略资源产业链,掌控全球清洁能源转型的主导权。为应对日益升级的战略资源大国博弈,要立足双循环新发展格局,一方面利用好产业链中前端的资源和产能优势,创新引领战略资源产业链自主延展;另一方面强化战略布局,整合全球关键矿产资源,丰富反制手段,不断增强稀土等重点产业链韧性,提升国家战略资源安全保障水平。Clean energy transformation in major powers,especially the rapidly expanding electric vehicle and wind power industries,has sparked an increasing demand for strategic resources such as rare earths(RE).The RE industrial chain has become a focal area of geopolitical competition between China and the United States.This paper utilizes theories and methods from law and political econom-ics,employing the classic paradigm of global governance,to examine the underlying motivations and geopolitical impacts of the United States in promoting the restructuring of the global rare earth industrial chain.Taking into account the two major characteristics of the U.S.’geopolitical strategy,namely‘controlling key industrial chains’and‘containing China with allies,’this paper reveals the under-lying logic and strategic responses of significant political and economic relationships in the ongoing geopolitical competition.These rela-tionships include the connection between the decoupling of the RE industrial chain and reconstruction of the global‘dual chain’pat-tern,the enactment of the‘three major acts’by the U.S.,and the dominance of the global clean energy industry system,as well as the game between China and the United States as major powers and Japan's industrial security.The results show that:①In terms of con-trolling key industrial chains,the technological‘de-rare earth’initiatives of downstream enterprises are reinforcing the‘de-siniciza-tion’strategic orientation of western governments,and vice versa.This joint effort is promoting the formation of a global strategic re-source‘dual chain’pattern.②In terms of containing China with allies,the United States requires that Japan and other allied countries share the responsibility in geopolitical competition with China.Japan,driven by its own interests,has been deeply involved in the re-structuring of the global RE industrial chain,shifting from a high dependence on Chinese RE imports to a deep participation in a new global RE industrial chain led by

关 键 词：清洁能源 稀土 战略资源 产业链重构 地缘政治竞争 

分 类 号：F114[经济管理—国际贸易] D5[经济管理—世界经济] D966[政治法律—政治学]