土法纺织何以走上革命前线——边区妇女纺织技术传播研究  

Advancing Traditional Textile Weaving to the Frontline of the Revolution:Women's Textile Production in the Taihang Liberated Areas

作　　者：孔煜也 王洪喆[1] KONG Yu-ye;WANG Hong-zhe(School of Journalism and Communication,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学新闻与传播学院,北京100871

出　　处：《妇女研究论丛》2024年第3期82-102,共21页Journal of Chinese Women＇s Studies

基　　金：教育部哲学社会科学研究后期资助一般项目“溯源中国信息社会研究(1955-1984)”(项目编号:20JHQ82)的阶段性研究成果,并受到中央高校基本科研业务费资助,项目名称:北京大学文科科研创新项目“东北亚信息社会的历史比较研究”。

摘　　要：本文聚焦1943-1949年晋冀鲁豫太行区的妇女纺织技术实践,从传播机制与实践主体两方面入手,探讨物质生产与革命政治如何在技术实践中发生关联,这种技术实践又为妇女带来怎样的体验。基于对史料的考察,本文认为边区基层干部群众通过模范学习、生产展览、经济计算、民主讨论、组织劳动等技术策略突破了代代相传的技术垄断传统,构建起一种以群众(尤其是妇女)为主体的技术政治。由此,妇女纺织不仅维持了边区军民的基本生计,也为中国基层技术实践积累了有益经验,同时为妇女进入社会性技术劳动领域做出了早期探索。这一案例为我们打开了一扇观察妇女与技术的总体性窗口——在妇女手中,土法纺织成为制造棉布与解放感的双重技术,将物质生产与革命政治交织成“新社会”的经纬。这次重访将为我们思考技术与性别、生产与政治的辩证关系提供启示。This article focuses on the practice of women's textile weaving in the Taihang liberated areas in the border region connecting Shanxi-Hebei-Shandong-Henan provinces from 1943 to 1949.The authors examine the process in which women came to practice and understand spinning and weaving and identify two aspects in the spread of textile technology,namely,communication mechanism and women in practice as subjects.They argue that there existed a relationship between material production and revolutionary politics in women's technological practices.Drawing on historical materials,this study demonstrates that through technical practices such as production exhibitions,economic calculations,democratic discussions,organized labor,grassroots cadres and masses in the liberated areas broke through the tradition of male-centred technological monopoly of the industry,and constructed a productive relationship in which the masses(especially women)are the technical practitioners.As a result,the textile production not only provided the basic sustenance of soldiers and local people,but also accumulated useful experiences of grassroots technical practice for the PRC.This study opens a window for us to observe technology-in the hands of women,that traditional textile weaving had combined meaning of making cloth and gaining a sense of liberation.Such combination helped intertwine material production and revolutionary politics into the warp and weft of the"new society".This revisit will provide us with an inspiration for further consideration of the dialectical relationship between gender and technology,as well as production and politics.

关 键 词：妇女纺织 技术传播 群众实践 边区建设 技术与性别 

分 类 号：D442.0[政治法律—政治学]