“杂写”战地经验——丁玲的前线经历与写作形态  

"Miscellaneous Writing"about Battlefield Experience:Ding Ling's Frontline Accounts and Her Writing Form

作　　者：唐小林 TANG Xiao-in(Department of Chinese Language and Literature,Shanghai University,Shanghai 200444,China)

机构地区：[1]上海大学中文系,上海200444

出　　处：《妇女研究论丛》2024年第3期103-114,共12页Journal of Chinese Women＇s Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“抗战时期作家内迁对文学实践的影响研究”(项目编号:23CZW051);上海市“晨光计划”项目(项目编号:22CGA47)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：全面抗战爆发前后,丁玲多次随红军上前线,在复杂的战地环境中工作与写作,成为“打杂的人”和“组织家”。她在“一个一个的去认识人”的过程中,聚焦于思想和感情的细微波动处,以大量的“零碎”完成了战地“生活实录”,最终生成了一种可以有效捕捉战地生活经验的“杂写”形态。区别于一般的战地写作,丁玲的这些“杂写”没有进行类别摘录,其中既有大量的人物特写和工作记述,也包含序言、后记、公演说明和杂文等,完整地还原了工作、写作与生活之间的交织过程。丁玲一方面以“零碎”的写法打破了“印象记”式的表达模式,从而得以灵活呈现被战争搅动的革命历史实践经验;另一方面以“杂写”的方式挣脱了“作风”等观念机制的束缚,让写作重新接通了生活与工作。丁玲的战地经历和“杂写”实践由此可以视为一种特殊的生命历练,不仅重组了她的文学结构,也拓展了她对革命和生活的感知程度和范围。Before and after the outbreak of the War of Resistance against Japanese Invaders,Ding Ling traveled several times to the Red Army's frontline.She worked as needed in the frontline as a non-combat person or an"organizer"(of activities to entertain soldiers,farmers,and more)and wrote about the difficult wartime environment.While she was"getting to know one person after another",she paid attention to the subtle fluctuations of thoughts and feelings,ultimately piecing together numerous"fragments"to complete a form of writing,known as"miscellaneous writing"("杂写")that served as a"documentary about life"in the battlefield.This"miscellaneous writing"("杂写")form effectively captured the experience of life in the frontline.Distinct from the general battlefield writing,Ding Ling's"miscellaneous writing"did not contain excerpts from other forms of writings.Instead,it comprised a vast array of sketches of persons,accounts about work,as well as prefaces,postscripts,performance notes,essays,and more,offering a holistic portrayal of the intertwined processes of work,writing,and life.On the one hand,Ding Ling broke away from the traditional impressionistic style of expression through her"fragmentary"writing,allowing her to flexibly present the revolutionaries'historical practical experiences that were disrupted by the war.On the other hand,by adopting a"miscellaneous writing"form,she freed her writing from the constraints of conceptual perspectives such as"styles",reconnecting writing with life and work.Ding Ling's experiences in the battlefield and her practice of miscellaneous writing could,thus,be regarded as a unique life journey that not only reshaped her literary writing but also broadened her perception and understanding of the revolution and life.

关 键 词：丁玲 战地经验 “认识人” “杂写” 写作形态 

分 类 号：I206.6[文学—中国文学]