美式选举原则异化与政治极化  

Alienation of American Election Principles and Political Polarization

作　　者：佟德志[1] 黄佳雯 TONG De-zhi;HUANG Jia-wen(College of Politics and Public Administration,Tianjin Normal University,Tianjin 300387,China)

机构地区：[1]天津师范大学政治与行政学院,天津300387

出　　处：《江苏行政学院学报》2024年第3期71-78,共8页The Journal of Jiangsu Administration Institute

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“美式民主的理论论与实践困境研究”(21&ZD160)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：美式选举原则在实践中出现异化并加剧了政治极化。其中,竞争原则的异化使无序竞争取代合作妥协,造成了美国两党与民众意识形态的两极分化。多数原则的异化使竞选者为了获取一锤定音式的胜利,过分关注少数群体的利益而忽视多数群体的诉求,加剧了社会矛盾与极化倾向。资本介入下的代表原则发生异化,使美国政党与意识形态更为极化的资本集团捆绑在一起,为了迎合资本集团的需要,政党忽视了民众的根本利益,极化倾向愈发突出。这些选举原则都是为确保选举的公平与民主设计的,但在实践中却不可避免地走向其对立面,不仅没有带来真实有效的民主,反而加剧了政治极化,造成了不同群体的割裂。The American election principle is alienated in practice and intensifies political polarization.Among them,the alienation of competition principle allows disorderly competition to replace cooperative compromise,which leads to the ideological polarization between the parties and the people in the United States.The alienation of the majority principle obliges the candidates to pay excessive attention to the interests of the minority and to ignore the demands of the majority in order to win the presidential election,which intensifies the social contradictions and political polarization.The principle of representation with the intervention of capital is alienated,which binds American political parties to capital groups with more polarized ideology.In order to meet the needs of capital groups,political parties ignore the fundamental interests of the people,and the polarization tendency becomes more and more prominent.These electoral principles are designed to ensure the fairness and democracy of the election,but in practice they inevitably go to the opposite side,which not only fails to bring true and effective democracy,but intensifies political polarization and causes the separation of different groups.

关 键 词：美式选举 政治极化 竞争原则 多数原则 代表原则 

分 类 号：D052[政治法律—政治学]