机器人应用、企业规模分化与劳动收入份额  

Robotic Applications,Firm-scale Differentiation and Labor Share

作　　者：易苗 刘朋春 郭白滢[1] Yi Miao;Liu Pengchun;Guo Baiying

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学经济与管理学院,上海市

出　　处：《世界经济》2024年第6期176-200,共25页The Journal of World Economy

基　　金：上海市哲学社会科学规划课题一般项目(2022BJB005)的资助。

摘　　要：“机器换人”如何影响收入分配已经引起广泛关注。本文利用中国工业企业微观加总数据,基于对省份-行业层面劳动收入份额的均值-协方差分解,从企业规模分化视角考察工业机器人进口应用对劳动收入份额的影响和作用机制。研究发现,机器人应用不仅降低了平均的劳动收入份额,而且加剧了省份-行业内“企业规模越大、劳动收入份额越低”的负向结构效应,进而降低了总体加权劳动收入份额。机制分析结果表明,机器人除了通过促进资本替代劳动、提高劳动生产率、扩大规模降低劳动收入份额外,还会引致规模分化效应带来劳动收入份额下降。本文为机器人应用带来的企业间劳动收入份额结构性变化提供了新证据,并为更好地解决收入分配问题、实现共同富裕提供了新思路。How robotic applications affect income distribution has attracted widespread attention.Using micro aggregated data from Chinese industrial firms,and drawing on the mean-covariance decomposition of labor share at the"provincial-industrial"level,this paper examines the impact and mechanism of industrial robot import applications on labor share from a firm-scale differentiation perspective.The results reveal that robotic applications not only reduce the average labor share but also exacerbate the negative structural effect of a larger firm with a lower share,thereby reducing the overall weighted labor share.Robots reduce labor share by promoting capital substitution for labor,improving labor productivity and expanding scale,and they also lead to a scale differentiation effect and thus lower labor share.The findings provide new evidence about the structural changes in the labor share among firms caused by the application of AI technologies such as robots,and provide new ideas for increasing labor share andimprovingincomedistribution.

关 键 词：机器人进口应用 劳动收入份额 企业规模分化 

分 类 号：F124.7[经济管理—世界经济] TP242[自动化与计算机技术—检测技术与自动化装置]