高温热辐射环境下降温服对消防人员生理及感知响应的影响  

Impact of cooling vests on the physiological and perceptual responses of firefighters in high-temperature and heat radiation environments

作　　者：操凯 李亚运 兰明强 郭贤 刘小勇 陈奥杰 CAO Kai;LI Yayun;LAN Mingqiang;GUO Xian;LIU Xiaoyong;CHEN Aojie(Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Human Safety,Hefei Institute for Public Safety Research,Tsinghua University,Hefei 230601,China;School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Anhui Jianzhu University,Hefei 230601,China)

机构地区：[1]清华大学合肥公共安全研究院,灾害环境人员安全安徽省重点实验室,合肥230601 [2]安徽建筑大学机械与电气工程学院,合肥230601

出　　处：《清华大学学报（自然科学版）》2024年第6期1039-1046,共8页Journal of Tsinghua University(Science and Technology)

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFC3006100);安徽省重点研发计划标准化专项(202104h04020012)。

摘　　要：为降低消防员热应激水平、验证降温服的有效性,该文在35℃和2.5 kW/m^(2)高温热辐射复合环境下开展人体热生理实验,同时采用主观问卷调查的方式,探究降温服对人体生理及主观感知响应的影响,分析降温服在缓解热应激从而提高消防人员热舒适性方面的有效性,并运用生理应变指数(PSI)和感知应变指数(PeSI)开展实验工况下人体热应激评估。结果表明:降温服明显减小了受试者的核心温度、皮肤温度、心率及出汗速率,有效缓解了人体生理负荷,降低了人体热应激水平,且在高运动强度(7.0 km/h)下效果更明显;降温服有效改善了受试者的热舒适性,在实验的第90 min时降温服使PSI值最大降低0.77,PeSI值最大降低4.89(约32%)。[Objective]In firefighting and rescue scenarios,firefighters often confront a combination of high-temperature,heat radiation,and physical exertion,frequently leading to heat stress reactions among firefighters and resulting in fainting,injuries,and casualties,which affects their physical and mental well-being.Moreover,thermal sensation and comfort significantly impact the operational efficiency of firefighters and the duration of effective rescue efforts.This analysis focused on the effectiveness of cooling vests in alleviating heat stress and improving thermal comfort for firefighters.Herein,we mitigate heat stress levels among firefighters,enhance the operational efficiency and the duration of emergency rescue operations,and validate the effectiveness of cooling vests.[Methods]This study utilized a high-temperature environmental chamber and silicon carbide radiant panel to construct a high-temperature and heat radiation experiment setup.Experiments were conducted in a composite environment at 35℃and 2.5 kW/m^(2)heat radiation at two physical activity intensity levels,4.5 and 7.0 km/h.This study involved physiological experiments on the human body and the use of subjective questionnaires to investigate the impact of cooling vests on the physiological and subjective responses of firefighters.Physiological and perceived strain indices were employed for heat stress assessment,and the mitigating effect of cooling vests on the heat response of firefighters was quantified.[Results]Compared with the control group,the cooling vests significantly reduced the core temperature,skin temperature,heart rate,and sweating rate of the subjects.Under experimental conditions,the cooling vests lead to a maximum decrease of 0.21℃in core temperature,a maximum average decrease of 0.24℃in skin temperature,a maximum decrease of approximately 7 bpm in heart rate,and a reduction of 1.35 g/min in sweating rate;this effectively alleviated physiological stress.Moreover,the impact of the cooling vests on human thermal sensation was obvi

关 键 词：高温热辐射环境 消防员 降温背心 感知响应 热舒适性 

分 类 号：X968[环境科学与工程—安全科学]