Ambient particle composition and toxicity in 31 major cities in China  

作　　者：Lu Zhang Maosheng Yao 

机构地区：[1]State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control,College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China

出　　处：《Fundamental Research》2024年第3期505-515,共11页自然科学基础研究（英文版）

基　　金：supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(92043302);Science Fund for Creative Research Groups(22221004);and National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars Awarded to M.Yao(21725701);This work was also partially supported by grant from Guangzhou National Laboratory(EKPG21-02).

摘　　要：Current assessment of air quality or control effectiveness is solely based on particulate matter(PM)mass levels,without considering their toxicity differences in terms of health benefits.Here,we collected a total of 465 automo-bile air conditioning filters from 31 major Chinese cities to study the composition and toxicity of PM at a national scale.Dithiothreitol assay showed that normalized PM toxicity(NIOG)in different Chinese cities varied greatly from the highest 4.99×10^(-3)for Changsha to the lowest 7.72×10^(-4)for Yinchuan.NI0G values were observed to have significant correlations with annual PM_(10) concentration(r=-0.416,p=0.020)and some PM components(total fungi,so.2-and calcium element).The concentrations of different elements and water-soluble ions in PM also varied by several orders of magnitude for 31 cities in China.Endotoxin concentrations in PM analyzed using limulus amebocyte lysate assay ranged from 2.88 EU/mg PM(Hangzhou)to 62.82 EU/mg PM(Shijiazhuang)among 31 Chinese cities.Besides,real-time qPCR revealed 10~100-fold differences in total bacterial and fungal levels among 31 Chinese cities.The concentrations of chemical(water soluble ions and trace elements)and bi-ological(fungi,bacteria and endotoxin)components in PM were found to be significantly correlated with some meteorological factors and gaseous pollutants such as SO_(2).Our results have demonstrated that PM toxicity from 31 major cities varied greatly up to 6.5 times difference;and components such as fungi and SO_(4)^(2-)in PM could play important roles in the observed PM toxicity.The city-specific air pollution control strategy that integrates toxicity factors should be enacted in order to maximize health and economic co-benefits.This work also provides a comprehensive view on the overall PM pollution situation in China.

关 键 词：PM toxicity Oxidative potential BIOLOGICALS Chemical components ENDOTOXIN 

分 类 号：X51[环境科学与工程—环境工程]