互联网对于农户收入不平等的影响探究  

Exploring the impact of the internet on income inequality in rural households

作　　者：方顺超 朱平芳[1] FANG Shunchao;ZHU Pingfang(Research Centre for Quantitative Economics,Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences,Shanghai 200020,China)

机构地区：[1]上海社会科学院数量经济研究中心,上海200020

出　　处：《系统工程理论与实践》2024年第5期1450-1467,共18页Systems Engineering-Theory & Practice

基　　金：国家社会科学基金(23BTJ015);国家自然科学基金(72273091,72303155);上海市科技发展基金资助软科学研究基地——上海市科技统计与分析研究中心项目。

摘　　要：本文旨在探究互联网对于农村家庭收入不平等的影响.通过对中国家庭追踪调查数据的研究分析,发现互联网虽能显著缓解农村家庭在总收入和工资性收入方面的不平等,但对缓解经营性收入不平等的影响有限,且会加剧农户财产性收入不平等.相较农村家庭的互联网使用情况,其对互联网的应用易通过经营性收入和财产性收入来影响农户收入不平等,验证了农村内部数字鸿沟的存在.基于这一发现,本文从家庭收入来源分析了其影响机理,发现互联网主要通过拉动农村劳动力向非农部门转移来减小工资性收入差距,从而缓解农户收入不平等.同时,拥有原始资本积累的家庭更容易受益于互联网,将会加剧财产性收入不平等.此外,本文引入因果森林算法,以人力资本为视角,剖析了互联网影响农户工资性收入不平等和财产性收入不平等在个体层面的异质性影响.结果显示,工资性收入不平等的缓解主要体现在低人力资本农户,而财产性收入不平等的加剧主要体现在高人力资本农户.This article aims to explore the impact of the internet on income inequality among rural households.Through the analysis of data from China Family Panel Studies,it is found that although the internet can significantly alleviate the inequality in total income and wage income among rural households,its effect on alleviating inequality in entrepreneurial income is limited,and it may exacerbate inequality in household property income.Based on this finding,this article analyzes the mechanism of its impact from the perspective of household income sources,revealing that the internet mainly reduces the wage income gap by pulling rural labor force into the non-agricultural sector,thereby alleviating household income inequality.Meanwhile,households with original capital accumulation are more likely to benefit from the internet,which exacerbates property income inequality.In addition,this article introduces the causal forest algorithm and,from the perspective of human capital,analyzes the heterogeneous effects of the internet on individual-level inequality in wage income and property income among rural households.The results show that the alleviation of wage income inequality is mainly manifested in households with low human capital,while the exacerbation of property income inequality is mainly manifested in households with high human capital.

关 键 词：农户收入不平等 收入来源 个体异质性 因果森林 

分 类 号：F323.8[经济管理—产业经济]