高校竞技健美操运动员落地偏侧性和稳定性的生物力学研究  

Biomechanical study of laterality and stability during double-leg landing of college competitive aerobics athletes

作　　者：王莉莉 Wan Ahmad Munsif Bin Wan Pa 王宇轩 李风雷 颉梦宁[2] 许春莲 Wang Lili;Wan Ahmad Munsif Bin Wan Pa;Wang Yuxuan;Li Fenglei;Jie Mengning;Denise Koh Choon Lian(College of Education,The National University of Malaysia,Kuala Lumpur 43600,Malaysia;College of Physical Education,East China University of Technology,Nanchang 330032,China;College of Physical Education,Nanchang Jiaotong Institute,Nanchang 330100,China)

机构地区：[1]马来西亚国立大学教育学院,吉隆坡43600 [2]东华理工大学体育学院,南昌330032 [3]南昌交通学院体育学院,南昌330100

出　　处：《中国运动医学杂志》2024年第4期266-274,共9页Chinese Journal of Sports Medicine

基　　金：江西省高校人文社会科学研究项目(SZZX22183);江西省中小学教育教学课题研究(SZUDHTY2022-1091)。

摘　　要：目的:分析竞技健美操运动员落地动作的生物力学特征,比较优势侧和非优势侧生物力学指标的偏侧性,探究影响落地稳定性的关键偏侧性因素。方法:以26名高校女性健美操运动员为研究对象,同步采集40 cm高台垂直双脚落地动作中的下肢运动学和动力学数据,比较优势侧和非优势侧的触地时刻关节角度、关节活动度(ROM)、地面反作用力(GRF)、负载率、压力中心(COP)位移和包络面积的差异,计算对称指数(代表偏侧性),并采用多元逐步回归方法分析指标偏侧性和COP包络面积的关系。结果:与非优势侧相比,优势侧在触地时刻具有更大的膝外旋和髋外展角(P<0.05),在落地过程中具有较大的踝屈伸、髋屈伸、髋内收-外展及较小的踝旋转ROM(P<0.05);优势侧的伸膝力矩峰值大于非优势侧(P<0.01);垂直方向负载率和伸膝力矩峰值的对称指数与COP包络面积呈显著正相关(P<0.05);垂直方向负载率、伸膝力矩峰值和膝关节旋转角度的对称指数可以解释COP包络面积差异的83.6%。结论:竞技健美操运动员落地动作存在肢体间的偏侧性,垂直方向负载率和伸膝力矩峰值的偏侧性越大,则落地稳定性越差。此外,垂直方向负载率、伸膝力矩峰值和膝关节旋转角度的对称指数可以作为落地稳定性的预测因子。Objective To analyze the biomechanical characteristics of the landing movements of competitive aerobics athletes,compare the laterality between their dominant and non-dominant limbs,and to explore the primary factors influencing landing stability.Methods Taking 26 female aerobics athletes in universities as the research objects,their kinematics and kinetics data of double-leg vertical landing with the height of 40 cm were simultaneously recorded.A comparison was made between the two limbs in terms of joint angles at initial contact,range of motion(ROM)of joint,ground reaction force(CRF),load-rate,the displacement and envelope area of the center of pressure(COP).The symmetry index(SI),reflecting laterality,was computed,and a multiple stepwise regression analysis was conducted to examine the correlation between parameter asymmetry and COP envelope area.Results Compared with the non-dominant limbs,the dominant limbs had significantly greater knee external rotation and hip abduction angle at initial contact(P<0.05),significantly greater ROM of the ankle and hip flexionextension and hip adduction-abduction,and smaller ROM of ankle rotation during landing(P<0.05).Moreover,the peak knee extension moment of the dominant limbs was significantly higher than the non-dominant limbs(P<0.01).The SI of vertical load rate and peak knee extension moment were significantly positively correlated with the COP envelope area(P0.05).In addition,the SI of vertical load rate,peak knee extension moment and knee rotation angle could explain 83.6%of the difference in the COP envelope area.Conclusion There is laterality between the dominant and non-dominant limb of competitive aerobics athletes during landing:the greater laterality of the load rate and peak knee extension moment,the worse the landing stability.Furthermore,the SI of vertical load rate,peak knee extension moment,and knee rotation angle can be used as predictors of the landing stability.

关 键 词：健美操 落地 生物力学 偏侧性 稳定性 

分 类 号：G831.3[文化科学—体育训练]