急性咖啡因和茶氨酸补充减轻脑力疲劳对足球运动员协调和有氧表现的负面影响  

Acute caffeine and theanine supplementation alleviate the negative effect of mental fatigue on coordination and aerobic performance in soccer players

作　　者：杨威 赵少聪 许文鑫[3] 李博[3] 李浚东 黎涌明 Yang Wei;Zhao Shaocong;Xu Wenaxing;Li Bo;L Jundong;Li Yongming(Department of Physical Education,Xiamen University of Technology,Xiamen 361024,China;School of Athletic Performance,Shanghai University of Sport,Shanghai 200438,China;School of Physical Education and Sport Science,Fujian Normal University,Fuzhou 350117,China;Institute of Sport Science,General Administration of Sport of China,Beijing 100061,China)

机构地区：[1]厦门理工学院体育部,厦门361024 [2]上海体育大学竞技运动学院,上海200438 [3]福建师范大学体育科学学院,福州350117 [4]国家体育总局体育科学研究所,北京100061

出　　处：《中国运动医学杂志》2024年第4期281-293,共13页Chinese Journal of Sports Medicine

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(22ATY002);教育部人文社会科学研究一般项目(23YJC890023)。

摘　　要：目的:探讨急性咖啡因和茶氨酸补充对脑力疲劳足球运动员协调和有氧表现的影响。方法:采用随机交叉对照设计,15名男子业余足球运动员以随机、平衡的顺序进行咖啡因(咖啡因组)、茶氨酸(茶氨酸组)和安慰剂(安慰剂组)三种间隔1周洗脱期的营养补剂干预,每次补剂干预后首先参加45 min的Stroop脑力疲劳任务,随后参加协调和有氧两项运动表现测试。主要记录受试者脑力疲劳任务前后的脑力疲劳分数(VAS-MF)、动机(VAS-MO)、布鲁奈尔疲劳分数(BRUMS-F)、布鲁奈尔活力分数(BRUMSV),任务过程中的反应时(RT)、精确性(ACC)和平均心率(HR_(ave)),任务后的大脑努力程度(VAS-ME),以及运动表现测试过程中的主观疲劳度(RPE)、HR_(ave)和峰值心率(HR_(peak))等指标。主要采用重复测量方差分析对数据进行统计学分析。结果:咖啡因组Stroop任务前后的脑力疲劳分数差值(ΔVAS-MF)有低于安慰剂组的趋势(P=0.064),茶氨酸组Stroop任务前后的ΔVAS-MF与安慰剂组类似(P=0.999),咖啡因组和茶氨酸组Stroop任务过程中的RT显著快于安慰剂组(P=0.003和0.033),ACC显著高于安慰剂组(P=0.006和0.033);咖啡因组和茶氨酸组协调表现测试成绩有低于安慰剂组的趋势(P=0.096和0.078),咖啡因组有氧表现测试成绩显著好于安慰剂组[力竭时间(TTE):P=0.012;最后一级速度(V_(IFT)):P=0.007;最大摄氧量(VO_(2_(max))):P=0.008],茶氨酸组有氧表现测试成绩与安慰剂组类似(TTE:P=0.999;V_(IFT):P=0.999;VO_(2_(max)):P=0.999)。结论:急性咖啡因和茶氨酸补充均能减轻脑力疲劳对足球运动员协调表现的负面影响,急性咖啡因补充还能减轻脑力疲劳对足球运动员有氧表现的负面影响。Objective To explore the effect of acute caffeine and theanine supplementation on coordination and aerobic performance in mentally fatigued soccer players.Methods A randomized crossover design was employed with 15 male amateur soccer players.Participants underwent three different interventions-caffeine(caffeine group),theanine(theanine group),and placebo(placebo group)-with a one-week washout period between each intervention.After each supplementation,participants performed a 45-minute Stroop task to induce mental fatigue,followed by a speed dribbling test(SDT)and the 30-15 intermittent fitness test(30-15_(IFT))to assess coordination and aerobic performance,respectively.Measurements included visual analog scale for mental fatigue(VAS-MF),motivation(VAS-MO),Brunel mood scale for fatigue(BRUMS-F)and vigor(BRUMS-V)pre-and post-Stroop task,response time(RT),response accuracy(ACC),average heart rate(HR_(ave))during Stroop,mental exertion(△VAS-ME)post-Stroop,rating of perceived exertion(RPE),HRave,and peak heart rate(HR_(peak))during SDT and 30-15rr.All data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA.Results The change in△VAS-MF(△VAS-MF)before and after the Stroop task was lower in the caffeine group compared to the placebo group(P-0.064),while the theanine group showed similar AVAS-MF to the latter group(P=0.999).Both the caffeine and theanine groups had significantly faster RT(P=0.003 and 0.033,respectively)and higher ACC(P=0.006 and 0.033,respectively)during the Stroop task compared to the placebo group.Moreover,coordination performance in both the caffeine and theanine groups was better than the placebo group(P=0.096 and 0.078,respectively).Meanwhile,aerobic performance in the caffeine group was significantly better than the placebo group[time to exhaustion(TTE):P=0.012;last stage velocity of 30-15_(IFT)(V_(IFT)):P=0.007;maximal oxygen uptake(VO_(2_(max))):P=0.008],whereas no significant differences were found between the theanine group and the placebo group in the aerobic performance(TTE:P=0.999;V_(IFT):P=0

关 键 词：脑力疲劳 运动表现 营养干预 足球 

分 类 号：G843[文化科学—体育训练]