离子化合物溶解性的热力学分析  

Thermodynamic Analysis of Solubility of Ionic Compounds

作　　者：尹霞[1] 陈美 吴英鹏 赵艳[1] 赵敬哲[1] YIN Xia;CHEN Mei;WU Ying-peng;ZHAO Yan;ZHAO Jing-zhe(College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Hunan University,Hunan Changsha 410082;College of Materials Science and Engineering,Hunan University,Hunan Changsha 410082,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南大学化学化工学院,湖南长沙410082 [2]湖南大学材料科学与工程学院,湖南长沙410082

出　　处：《广州化工》2024年第5期206-208,共3页GuangZhou Chemical Industry

基　　金：2022年度基础学科拔尖学生培养计划2.0研究课题(重点课题:20221031);湖南省普通高等学校教学改革研究项目(重点项目:HNJG-2021-0024)。

摘　　要：无机盐的溶解性是化合物的重要性质之一,如何判断其溶解性大小是化学化工专业的新生较为关注的问题,本文从热力学角度分析离子晶体溶解包含晶体升华和离子水化两步过程,并分析两步过程中的焓效应和熵效应是如何影响离子化合物的溶解性,解释离子电荷及半径对其溶解性的影响,并借助离子晶体溶解过程的吉布斯自由能数据,总结其溶解性变化的基本规律,让学生理解物质性质变化规律的复杂性。Freshmen majoring in Chemistry are concerned about judging the solubility of inorganic salts which is one of the important properties of compounds and is also an important knowledge point of Inorganic Chemistry.According to the principle of thermodynamics,two steps of crystal sublimation and ion hydration were included in ionic crystal dissolution,and the influence of enthalpy effect and entropy effect of the ionic crystal dissolution process was analyzed.Shed light on the influence of ionic charge and radius,the general law of its solubility change with the help of Gibbs free energy data of ionic crystal dissolution process was summarized,thus making students understand the complexity of the law of material property change.

关 键 词：离子化合物 溶解性 晶体升华 离子水化 

分 类 号：G642.4[文化科学—高等教育学]