秦巴山地极端气候变化特征及其对植被动态的影响  

Characteristics of Extreme Climate Change in the Qinling-Daba Mountains and Its Impact on Vegetation Dynamics

作　　者：陈超男 王丽园 朱文博 朱连奇[1] 董庆栋[1] 李艳红 任涵[1] CHEN Chaonan;WANG Liyuan;ZHU Wenbo;ZHU Lianqi;DONG Qingdong;LI Yanhong;REN Han(College of Geography and Environmental Science,Henan University,Kaifeng,Henan 475004,China;Research Center of Regional Development and Planning,Henan University,Kaifeng,Henan 475004,China;Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Reaches of Yellow River,Henan University,Kaifeng,Henan 475004,China)

机构地区：[1]河南大学地理与环境学院,河南开封475004 [2]河南大学区域发展与规划研究中心,河南开封475004 [3]河南大学黄河中下游数字地理技术教育部重点实验室,河南开封475004

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2024年第3期276-287,共12页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFE0106700);国家自然科学基金项目(42201110)。

摘　　要：[目的]为探究秦巴山地极端气候事件的时空变化及其对植被的影响。[方法]基于秦巴山地及其周边115个气象站逐日气象资料(1960—2020年)及MODIS NDVI数据集(2000—2020年),分析秦巴山地NDVI的时空变化特征及其对19个极端气候指数的响应,并利用地理探测器定量评估极端气候指数对NDVI的影响。[结果](1)2000—2020年秦巴山地大部分区域NDVI呈显著增加趋势(80.34%),少数区域呈显著下降趋势(1.09%),研究区年际变化速率约为0.03/10 a。(2)1960—2020年秦巴山地经历显著增温,夜间增温幅度大于白天,极端气温事件变化幅度较大的区域主要集中在西秦岭;极端降水事件呈微弱变化,具有明显的空间分异,研究区西南部极端降水强度增加,东部极端降水强度降低,极端降水频率增加。(3)极端降水事件是影响西秦岭地区NDVI的主要因素,而极端气温事件是影响秦岭和大巴山地区NDVI的主要因素;极端气候事件对NDVI的影响不是独立的,极端气候指数间的相互作用以双因子或非线性的方式增强单因子对NDVI的影响。[结论]揭示秦巴山地极端气候事件及植被动态的时空变化特征,明确两者间的相互关系,可为应对全球气候变化下秦巴山地植被保护与恢复提供科学依据。[Objective]This study was aimed to understand the spatiotemporal changes in extreme climate and its influence on vegetation.[Methods]Based on daily meteorological data(1960—2020)from 115 weather stations in the Qinling-Daba mountains(QBMs)and surrounding areas and satellite-derived normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI),the spatiotemporal variation characteristics of the NDVI in the QBMs and its response to 19 extreme climate indices were analyzed.Geographic detector was used to identify the contribution rate of extreme climate indices and their influence on the NDVI.[Results](1)The NDVI significantly increased in the majority of the QBMs(80.34%)and decreased in only a few regions(1.09%)from^(2)000 to 2020.The interannual change rate in the study area was approximately 0.03/10 a.(2)Noticeable warming was observed in the QBMs from 1960 to 2020,with the temperature increasing more at night than during the day,and regions with a larger change in extreme temperature events were mostly found in the Western Qinling Mountains(WQMs).During the study period,extreme precipitation events showed weak changes,extreme precipitation intensity increased in the southwestern QBMs,while in the eastern QBMs,extreme precipitation intensity decreased but extreme precipitation frequency increased.(3)Extreme precipitation events were the main factor affecting NDVI in the west Qinling region,while extreme temperature events were the main factor affecting NDVI in the Qinling and Daba mountain regions;the impact of extreme climate events on NDVI was not independent,and the interaction between extreme climate indices enhances the impact of a single factor on NDVI in a double-factor or nonlinear way.[Conclusion]The spatiotemporal changes in extreme climate and its influence on vegetation were clarified,which could establish scientific evidence for the protection and restoration of vegetation in the QBMs in response to global climate change.

关 键 词：极端气候事件 NDVI 时空变化 地理探测器 秦巴山地 

分 类 号：P423.3[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]